Friday, March 20, 2020

Combater com leis GOVERNOS (fighting deepfakes with laws and regulations) HUMOR

fev24

Large tech platforms including TikTok, X and Facebook will soon have to identify AI-generated content in order to protect the upcoming European election from disinformation.

"We know that this electoral period that's opening up in the European Union is going to be targeted either via hybrid attacks or foreign interference of all kinds," Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton told European lawmakers in Strasbourg on Wednesday. "We can't have half-baked measures."

Breton didn't say when exactly companies will be compelled to label manipulated content under the EU's content moderation law, the Digital Services Act (DSA). Breton oversees the Commission branch enforcing the DSA on the largest European social media and video platforms, including Facebook, Instagram and YouTube.
https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-big-tech-help-deepfake-proof-election-2024/


dez23
Depois de uma maratona de três dias, há luz verde para um acordo provisório dos legisladores europeus para a primeira regulação da Inteligência Artificial, o AI Act. Os relatores falam em regras claras mas há críticas para a tentativa de regular modelos fundacionais e falta de bloqueio à vigilância massiva.

Ainda provisório, o acordo é considerado “uma conquista histórica” e “um marco importante para o futuro” da regulação da Inteligência Artificial, num equilíbrio delicado entre o incentivo à inovação e a preservação dos direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos, como salienta Carme Artigas, secretária de Estado de Espanha para a digitalização e a Inteligência Artificial, em representação do Conselho da UE.

Desde que foi apresentada pela Comissão Europeia em 2021a proposta de regulação já passou pelo Parlamento e chega agora a uma fase relevante antes da confirmação do texto final, mas também tem sido alvo de críticas de várias organizações e empresas que consideram que pode limitar a inovação, sobretudo nas pequenas e médias empresas. O objetivo geral da União Europeia é garantir que os sistemas de Inteligência Artificial usados no mercado europeu são seguros e respeitam os direitos e valores da UE, ao mesmo tempo que promovem o investimento e inovação.

https://tek.sapo.pt/noticias/computadores/artigos/regulacao-da-inteligencia-artificial-vai-avancar-na-europa-o-que-pode-mudar-e-quais-sao-as-multas?elqTrackId=724d013bd74e4fc7977d519e4471d37a&elq=f8c570980d9947179459c06572b2c8ac&elqaid=10225&elqat=1&elqCampaignId=9787


nov23
he government will soon meet social media platforms< .. The government will soon meet social media platforms ..
No immunity if firms don’t act on deepfakes: Minister



out23
O Presidente dos EUA, Joe Biden, assinou uma ordem executiva que visa diretamente o futuro da Inteligência Artificial (IA), naquele que é o primeiro passo para regular a IA nos Estados Unidos. A medida mais "sonante" é a que obriga as empresas a partilhar os testes das suas ferramentas com o governo. No entanto, temas como a privacidade, os direitos civis, a proteção dos consumidores e os direitos dos trabalhadores também são tidos em conta.
https://24.sapo.pt/tecnologia/artigos/biden-ordem-executiva-inteligencia-artificial?utm_source=newsletter_24&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20231031_oe2024-a-defesa-as-campanhas-negras-e-a-aprovacao-garantida&utm_content=podcast_/tecnologia/artigos/biden-ordem-executiva-inteligencia-artificial&elqTrackId=e8e12c6df30d4683b0c815d45dcc2978&elq=8433bfd74c2249f397ad44d166cd4c69&elqaid=9929&elqat=1&elqCampaignId=9497


BIDEN:
Biden reacts to watching deepfakes of himself: ‘When the hell did I say that?’
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_JLkU5xF2Y


jul23

While nine states have enacted laws regulating deepfakes, the feasibility of federal legislation is still up in the air. Public Citizen submitted a new petition to the Federal Election Commission last week urging the agency to reconsider regulating after a 3-3 deadlock in June halted the group’s initial effort. If the commission again shrugs off the request, more pressure will pile on Congress to act.

Debates about the agency’s power to police the technology come as political groups take advantage of deepfakes ahead of the 2024 presidential elections. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis’ presidential campaign recently released images of former President Donald Trump embracing his ex-chief medical advisor Anthony Fauci that, according to forensic experts, are almost certainly deepfakes.

“That one stands out because that was done by a mainstream political candidate,” Andrew Grotto, an international security fellow at Stanford University’s Cyber Policy Center, said about the ad.

https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/deepfake-ads-rock-pre-ai-campaign-laws-puzzling-us-regulators




==========================ARTIGO===================
jul23

After recent election cycles dominated by fake news and the "Big Lie," members of Congress and advocacy groups are urging the Federal Election Commission to act on a new disinformation threat: deepfakes.

Advocacy group Public Citizendelivered a second petition to the commission Thursday asking it to issue rules and regulations for governing the spread of false, artificial-intelligence-generated soundbites, images, or videos in the 2024 race.

"Artificial intelligence poses a clear and present threat to our democracy," Public Citizen president Robert Weissman said in a statement. "A deceptive deepfake could swing the election results in 2024. Or a tidal wave of deepfakes could leave voters completely at a loss to determine what's real from what's fake, an impossible circumstance for a functioning democracy."
https://www.commondreams.org/news/deepfakes-threat-to-democracy

jul23
Louisiana has become one of the first states to pass legislation explicitly criminalizing the creation of deepfaked child sexual abuse material. The legislation, called SB175, makes it a crime to knowingly create or possess an AI-generated image or video depicting a person under the age of 18 engaged in a sexual act. People convicted of violating the law could face between five and 20 years in jail, a $10,000 fine, or both. Selling or advertising deepfaked sexual material depicting minors, meanwhile, can carry an even greater jail sentence—10 to 30 years or a fine of up to $50,000.
https://gizmodo.com/ai-louisiana-outlaws-sexual-deepfakes-of-children-1850612475

jun23

Senate Bill S6829A




2021-2022 Legislative Session

Establishes the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes

https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S6829
https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2021/S6829A


jun23

Sharing deepfake intimate images is to be criminalised in England and Wales. Amendments to the online safety bill will make it illegal to share explicit images or videos that have been digitally manipulated to look like someone else without their consent.

The Ministry of Justice said the use of deepfakes had been increasing in recent years, with a website that virtually strips women naked receiving 38m hits in the first eight months of 2021.
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/27/sharing-deepfake-intimate-images-to-be-criminalised-in-england-and-wales

mai23

The World Economic Forum (WEF) is unsurprisingly a part of the “deepfakes panic” that has been spread and promoted for some years now by a number of politicians and media outlets around the world.

The notion of deepfake tech is used here as a stand-in for (future) AI in general – and least as far as WEF’s “fears” go, behind them is an attempt to make sure that governments and regulators around the world get working to prevent “harm” from AI.

According to WEF, cyber-criminals are using deepfakes so much these days that the problem has become “worrying” – while when it comes to the news industry, this is “a growing global concern.”

https://reclaimthenet.org/wef-calls-for-ai-and-deepfake-regulation

mai23

Victims of “deepfake porn” and “doxing” would have a legal pathway to sue their perpetrators in Illinois under a pair of digital privacy measures that have so far received unanimous support in the General Assembly.

House Bill 2954, which would allow victims of “doxing” to pursue civil litigation, needs only a signature from the governor to become law after clearing both chambers of the General Assembly unanimously.

Doxing, as defined by HB 2954, occurs when an individual intentionally publishes another person’s personal information without their consent. For an offense to qualify as doxing, the person publishing the information must have acted with intent to “harm or harass” the victim with “knowledge or reckless disregard” that it could lead to “death, bodily injury, or stalking.”
https://www.capitolnewsillinois.com/NEWS/victims-of-deepfake-porn-and-doxing-could-have-right-to-sue-under-pair-of-bills

mai23
Washington State Governor Jay Inslee has signed a bill defining and regulating how deepfakes and other synthetic media can be used in political ad campaigns. The new law requires clear disclosure whenever manipulated media is used in election campaigns and is designed to combat deception.
https://voicebot.ai/2023/05/11/washington-state-passes-law-regulating-deepfakes-in-political-ads/~


mai23
ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — In a nearly unanimous vote, the Minnesota Senate has passed a bill that would criminalize people who non-consensually share deepfake sexual images of others, and people who share deepfakes to influence an election. Deepfakes are videos and images that have been digitally created or altered with artificial intelligence or machine learning. That technology is easier to use now than ever before. The bill would allow prosecutors to charge people with up to five years in prison and $10,000 in fines for disseminating deepfakes. To become law, the bill must still go through a conference committee and get signed by the governor.

https://www.fox28spokane.com/minnesota-advances-deepfakes-bill-to-criminalize-people-sharing-altered-sexual-political-content/

ab23 TRIBUNAIS

A 22-year-old Long Island man has been sentenced to six months in jail and must register as a sex offender for taking photos from social media accounts of nearly a dozen women when they were in high and middle school, altering them to make them sexually explicit and then posting them on a porn website for years, prosecutors say.

Patrick Carey, who was posting the fake images up to within hours of his 2021 arrest, also shared the women's personal identifying information, including full names, phone numbers and addresses -- and encouraged other users on the porn site to harass and threaten them with violence, according to court documents.

Carey pleaded guilty in December to multiple felonies in the deepfake scheme, including promoting a sexual performance by a child, aggravated harassment as a hate crime and stalking.

At Tuesday's sentencing, the Seaford man was ordered to stay away from each of the 11 victims -- a judge issued orders of protection lasting the statutory eight years maximum each. He will also be subject to 10 years of probation on top of the jail time and sex offender requirements.

Carey didn't address the media after the hearing, but said in court "I can’t chalk up my awful behavior to being a young dumb kid." He also apologized to the victims and their families, though added he didn't expect forgiveness.

https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/long-island-man-jailed-in-deepfake-sex-scheme-targeting-14-women-from-his-high-school/4251661/

ab23

Today, Ofcom issued a statement to broadcasters in relation to 'synthetic media' (including deepfakes) in broadcast programming.

"Synthetic media" is an umbrella term for video, image, text, or voice that has been generated in whole or in part by artificial intelligence algorithms.

Ofcom understands that synthetic media has become increasingly prevalent online and has also been used in virtual reality, augmented reality, gaming, and other forms of digital media. It is also used in marketing, advertising, and the entertainment industry, including in filmmaking and broadcasting.

However, as this type of technology continues to grow and evolve at a rapid rate, Ofcom is cognisant that synthetic media is likely to become more prevalent in broadcast content. While there are some benefits of the technology (to content creators, broadcasters and audiences), there are also risks and challenges.

Ofcom gives as an example, the risk that 'DeepFake' software can replace a person in an existing image or video with someone else's likeness with realistic results. Other challenges outlined by Ofcom include:

https://www.mondaq.com/uk/broadcasting-film-tv--radio/1304392/deepfakes-ofcom-says-broadcasting-code-is-adequate-to-help-maintain-trust-and-fairness

http://blog.galalaw.com/post/102ic0k/deepfakes-ofcom-says-broadcasting-code-is-adequate-to-help-maintain-trust-and-fa?utm_source=mondaq&utm_medium=syndication&utm_term=Media-Telecoms-IT-Entertainment&utm_content=articleoriginal&utm_campaign=article

mar23

O governo da China criou uma legislação específica para combater a divulgação de informações falsas por meio da internet, principalmente nas redes sociais. A nova regulamentação, denominada "Disposições sobre a Administração de Síntese Profunda de Serviços de Informações Baseados na Internet", pretende evitar a disseminação da informação falsa criada por inteligência artificial, a deepfake, em vídeos e imagens.


natanaelginting/freepik

deepfake permite que uma foto ou um vídeo de uma pessoa seja substituído pela imagem de outra pessoa, além de alterar a voz, trocar o texto falado e dar novo sentido ao contexto do vídeo, que pode ser interpretado como real — situação muito utilizada no Brasil, principalmente durante a campanha eleitoral do ano passado.  

Para diferenciar as informações reais das falsas, os vídeos criados ou editados a partir de IA na China devem exibir pequenas etiquetas por marca d'água dispostas num dos cantos da imagem. Esse rótulo deve alertar que a produção utilizou o sistema artificial.

https://www.conjur.com.br/2023-abr-08/china-cria-lei-informacoes-falsas-meio-deepfakes


mar23

A bill looking to provide relief for politicians that are subject to deepfake photos and/or videos during a campaign is progressing through the House committee.

A “deepfake” is when a video, audio, or photo is digitally altered to seem like the real thing.

Substitute of SB 5152 is proposing to define synthetic media in campaigns for elective office, and provide relief for candidates and campaigns.

https://kpq.com/new-state-bill-looking-to-address-deepfake-election-photos-and-videos/

fev23

Minnesota legislators want to crack down on 'deep fake' disinformation

The proposal represents a first attempt from Minnesota lawmakers to clamp down on the spread of disinformation through the technology, particularly when it comes to influencing elections or in situations where it's used to distribute fake sexual images of someone without the person's consent.

It's already a crime in Minnesota to publish, sell or disseminate private explicit images and videos without the person's permission. But that revenge porn law was written before much was known about deep fake technology, which has already been used in Minnesota to disseminate realistic — but not real — sexual images of of people.

Stephenson's bill would make it a gross misdemeanor to knowingly disseminate sexually explicit content using deep fake technology that clearly identifies a person without permission.

https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-legislators-want-to-crack-down-on-deep-fake-disinformation/600252705/

https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/minnesota/deepfake-porn-election-misinfo-would-be-crime-under-minnesota-bill

jan23

Existing and proposed laws will fail to protect EU citizens from nonconsensual pornographic deepfakes—AI-generated images, audio, or videos that use an individual’s likeness to create pornographic material without the individual’s consent. Policymakers should amend current legislative proposals to better protect victims and, in the meantime, encourage soft law approaches. 

Although deepfakes can have legitimate commercial uses (for instance, in film or gaming), 96 percent of deepfake videos found online are nonconsensual pornography. Perpetrators superimpose the likeness of an individual—most often an actor or musician, and almost always a woman—onto sexual material without permission. Sometimes perpetrators share these deepfakes for purely lewd purposes, while other times it is to harass, extort, offend, defame, or embarrass individuals. With the increasing availability of AI tools, it has become easier to create and distribute deepfake nonconsensual pornography. 

There are no specific laws protecting victims of nonconsensual deepfake pornography, and new proposals will fall short.

https://datainnovation.org/2023/01/eu-proposals-will-fail-to-curb-nonconsensual-deepfake-porn/

jan23

China’s cyberspace regulator is cracking down on deepfakes.

Starting tomorrow (Jan. 10), deep synthesis providers–content providers that alter text, audio, images, and video—in China will have to abide by a new set of rules, according to the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC).

“In recent years, deep synthesis technology has developed rapidly. While serving user needs and improving user experience, it has also been used by some unscrupulous people to produce, copy, publish, and disseminate illegal and harmful information, to slander and belittle others’ reputation and honor, and to counterfeit others’ identities,” the CAC said.

https://qz.com/china-new-rules-deepfakes-consent-disclosure-1849964709

Six years ago, memes comparing Xi Jinping to Winnie the Pooh spread like wildfire across China’s internet before being snuffed out by the country’s censors. Creating and disseminating more sophisticated digital imagery of the honey-loving bear could now earn you a prison term in the country, as a new deepfakes law called the ‘Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet Information Services’ comes into effect this week. As nations around the world mull over regulations to target one of the most disruptive media technologies in recent years, Beijing is preparing to wage a new war on any online content it considers to be a threat to its stability and legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese people. 

China is not the only nation to consider new regulations on deepfakes. Both the UK and Taiwanese governments have announced their intention to ban the creation and sharing of deepfake pornographic videos without consent, with similar legislation being proposed in the US at the federal level (several states have already passed such laws.) The latest regulations in China, however, extend to any deepfake content, imposing new rules on its creation, dissemination and labelling – in effect, going much further in scope and detail than most other existing national legislation concerning synthetic audio and video.

https://techmonitor.ai/technology/emerging-technology/china-is-about-to-pass-the-worlds-most-comprehensive-law-on-deepfakes

Dez22
Congressman Morelle introduces legislation to ban nonconsensual deepfakes

ROCHESTER, N.Y. (WROC) — Congressman Morelle announced legislation on Tuesday to boost online privacy by banning non-consensual “deepfakes” of intimate images.

A deepfake is a term referring to an altered picture or video of a person so they appear to look like somebody else. According to a 2019 report, 96% of online deepfake videos were pornographic and targeted toward women.

Morelle said that, while the videos are fake, the impact is real — which is why he authored the “Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act.”

“As technology and artificial intelligence continue to evolve, it’s critical that we take proactive steps to combat disinformation and protect individuals from harm or compromising situations online,” Morelle said. “The spread of altered images can cause irrevocable emotional, financial, and reputational harm — and unfortunately, women are disproportionately impacted.”

The mission of the act is to make the sharing of such deepfakes a criminal offense, ensure that one’s consent doesn’t establish consent for sharing the image, create a right of private action for victims, and preserve a plaintiff’s anonymity.

SAG-AFTRA president Fran Drescher is an advocate of protections for vulnerable groups. She said she has been a victim of inappropriate deepfakes and praised Morelle’s legislation.

LINK + https://morelle.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-joe-morelle-authors-legislation-bolster-right-online-privacy



dez22

Taiwan has drafted amendments to election laws to punish the dissemination of "deepfake" videos, or realistic images made with artificial intelligence. The revisions also aim to prevent interference in Taiwan's elections by outside parties.

Taiwan's Cabinet approved the draft revisions on Thursday.

The proposed amendments would enable election candidates to ask website operators and others to limit access to or remove deepfake videos if police certify the contents are fake.

Disseminating deepfake videos to affect the results of an election could become a punishable offense.

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20221216_08/

dez22

China's new rules for content providers that alter facial and voice data will take effect from Jan. 10, its cyberspace regulator said, as it looks to more tightly scrutinize so-called "deepfake" technology and services.

The regulations from the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued late on Sunday provide for people to be protected from being impersonated without their consent by deepfakes - images that are virtually indistinguishable from the original, and easily used for manipulation or misinformation.
https://www.usnews.com/news/technology/articles/2022-12-11/chinas-rules-for-deepfakes-to-take-effect-from-jan-10 + https://www.wionews.com/world/chinas-rules-for-deepfakes-to-take-effect-from-january-10-542269bbbb + https://gizmodo.com/china-deepfake-ai-1849883861

nov22
deepfake of Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg thanked Congressional Democrats for failing to take action against the biggest tech companies in an eerily realistic video.
https://petapixel.com/2022/11/30/chilling-deepfake-video-of-mark-zuckerberg-mocks-congress/

A left-wing advocacy group used a Mark Zuckerberg deepfake to urge lawmakers to pass a tech regulation bill before the end of the year.

Demand Progress Action, which describes its mission as protecting the "democratic character of the internet," used deepfake technology to have an actor appear and talk exactly like the Meta CEO. In the video, the fake Zuckerberg ironically "thanks" Democratic leaders Chuck Schumer and Nancy Pelosi for “holding up new laws that hold us accountable” while showing links of the two to tech companies being targeted by the bill. The video clarifies that the Zuckerberg speaking is fake from the outset and shows the actor side by side with the impostor at the end.

https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/technology/zuckerberg-deepfake-tech-bill


nov22

The UK government says it plans to make the sharing of non-consensual pornographic deepfakes illegal, with offenders facing “potential time behind bars.”

The new offense is set to be added to the long-awaited and controversial Online Safety Bill, a mammoth piece of legislation that will rewrite the UK’s rules for policing harmful internet content. The government announced this morning that deepfakes would be covered in the legislation along with strengthened laws against “downblousing” (taking explicit images down a women’s top without consent). The passage of the bill was delayed this year by recent political chaos, but the UK government now plans to return it to parliament in December for further debate.

https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/25/23477548/uk-deepfake-porn-illegal-offence-online-safety-bill-proposal


jul22

China is pushing ahead of the European Union and the United States with its new synthetic content regulations. New draft provisions would place more responsibility on platforms to preserve social stability, with potential costs for online freedoms. They show that the Chinese Communist Party is prepared to protect itself against the unique threats of emerging technologies.

nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00513-4



jul22

REINO UNIDO

A broad new offence of intimate image abuse should be introduced in England and Wales to criminalise acts such as “downblousing” and the creation of “deepfakes”, the Law Commission of England and Wales has proposed.

The law reform body has called for a clearer legal framework broadening the scope of intimate image offences so all instances of intentionally taking or sharing intimate images without consent are criminalised, regardless of motivation.

Under current law, acts such as “upskirting” or voyeurism are criminalised, but this would be extended further to cover the abusive act of downblousing, as well as the sharing of altered intimate images of people without their consent, including pornographic deepfakes and “nudified” images.

The changes would bring England and Wales in line with Northern Ireland, which created a specific offence of downblousing as part of wider sexual offence reforms earlier this year, and Scotland, where it has been criminalised as a form of voyeurism since 2009.

+ https://www.dazeddigital.com/science-tech/article/56506/1/deepfake-porn-could-soon-be-illegal-revenge + https://uk.news.yahoo.com/deepfake-proposal-criminalise-fake-pornographic-102256131.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAE4xP9kO2tigeGtjBkv14JWX_w8I-KMzGpdUd4vlBy_9tTLrRrWzqYOUUsMWYjYGVfqSByoBV9J4aNOP2ZLxwQglNVW1kVlIgni-TQMHUgMi6DUKm0XSaZg4VM3xUnwFHCA2MrW2fB1wrWBrnfIn7kv0HfB47uL1CdUv5AU35JUg

jun22

Disinformation, including “deepfake” videos and bots spreading deception, should come within the scope of a future online harms bill, say a panel of experts appointed by Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez to help him shape a future law.

Members of the expert panel, including Bernie Farber of the Canada Anti-Hate Network and Lianna McDonald of the Canadian Centre for Child Protection, have advised that the act impose a duty on tech giants to tackle the spread of fake news and videos.

Some suggested Canada should mirror the European Union's Digital Services Act which allows for stronger action to tackle disinformation in times of crisis — for example during elections, international conflicts and public-health emergencies.

https://ca.news.yahoo.com/deepfakes-disinformation-fall-under-online-110000687.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAEaCsio_o4OeizYVVbypc_uE48cwuP33Qu4uNRM1d-9kHFh_53mu5rTyPconVxay09vwDZyWtFI3Izs8Muwp0Omhdr-xA0Lttuz7JBujcqzT4Zg-27wmPj27_Y5bAtDxYYo872PwmF1dbMc9S9FXNb8zFalvigNFfkOGkptwnR6K


Jun22

Alphabet Inc unit Google (GOOGL.O), Facebook Inc, Twitter Inc(TWTR.N) and other tech companies will have to take measures to counter deepfakes and fake accounts on their platforms or risk hefty fines under an updated European Union code of practice, according to an EU document seen by Reuters.

https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-facebook-twitter-will-have-tackle-deepfakes-or-risk-eu-fines-sources-2022-06-13/

Google, Facebook, Twitter e outras companhias de mídia social terão que tomar medidas para combaterem “deepfakes” e contas falsas em suas plataformas sob risco de serem penalizadas com multas pesadas pela União Europeia, afirmaram fontes nesta segunda-feira (13).

A Comissão Europeia vai publicar uma atualização do código de conduta sobre desinformação na quinta-feira como parte de uma campanha de combate à publicação de mentiras em redes sociais, afirmaram as fontes.

Introduzido em 2018, o código é de execução voluntária e será parte de um esquema de co-regulação, com responsabilidades compartilhadas entre autoridades e seus signatários.

https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/business/big-techs-terao-que-lidar-com-deepfakes-ou-se-arriscarem-a-multas-da-ue/


mai22

ÃUSTRIAThe Austrian Government has published a new action plan to reduce disinformation and hate speech via the regulation of deepfakes, Euractiv reports.

The new legislation builds on a 2020 investigation by an inter-ministerial task force composed of the Austrian federal chancellery, the ministry of justice, the ministry of defense, and the ministry of foreign affairs.

On that occasion, the group has worked to raise awareness on the topic, both at a governmental level and in regard to the Austrian population.

https://www.biometricupdate.com/202205/austria-deploys-new-plan-to-tackle-deepfakes


mar22

BRASIL

Juliano Maranhão, professor of Philosophy and General Theory of Law at the Faculty of Law (FD) at USP, explains that “the issue of deepfakes affects different areas of law. In the criminal field, the main problem refers to the creation of pornographic deepfakes , often used for revenge porn purposes ”.

Criminal and Civil Code
The professor points out that, in 2018, Article 218-C was created in the Penal Code , which criminalizes the creation of montages in photographs, videos and even audio, such as deepfakes . The crime is liable to imprisonment from six months to one year, in addition to the payment of a fine to the victim.

https://indiaeducationdiary.in/university-of-sao-paulo-voters-need-to-be-aware-of-fake-content-spread-as-deepfakes/



mar22

HOLANDA

On 5 January 2022, the Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (Research and Documentation Centre), of the Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security (WODC), published an important report on the legal challenges of deepfake technology. The report was sent to Parliament on 17 January 2022, along with a letter, from the Minister for Legal Protection (male), stating that the Cabinet had commissioned the research because of concerns about the rapid development and spread of deepfake technology. The study, carried out by researchers from Tilburg University, aims to inform the Government about the risks of deepfakes, the applicable legal framework, and the measures available to mitigate the risks. (...) The report concludes that most problematic deepfake applications are already prohibited or restricted by law. Dutch criminal law seems generally well equipped to address specific deepfakes used for identity theft, fraud, and the distribution of non-consensual pornography. Additionally, the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the European Convention on Human Rights provide general rules on data processing and respect for private life that may restrict the production and distribution of certain deepfakes, for example, those that include sensitive personal data or unjustifiably violate someone’s reputation and/or honour.

https://merlin.obs.coe.int/article/9415


mar22

TAIWAN

Taipei, March 10 (CNA) The Cabinet on Thursday approved draft amendments to four key laws to curb the use of technology-enabled sexual images and video which would make the production and spread of fake or manipulated images and video for profit a crime punishable by a jail term of up to seven years.The draft amendments include an additional article dedicated to a new form of crime using artificial intelligence -- deepfakes -- which involve inserting the likeness of a person into an existing image or video. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202203110001

The Executive Yuan on Thursday approved draft amendments to curb the creation of “deepfake” pornography, and make the production and distribution of fake or manipulated images and video for profit a crime punishable by up to seven years in jail. The proposals include an article directly addressing the practice of using machine learning or other means to insert the likeness of a person into existing videos or images. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/03/13/2003774693


 JAN22

Washington

The Senate State Government and Elections Committee heard public testimony on Senate Bill 5817, which would restrict usage of synthetic media “deep fakes” in campaigns for elective office. 

SB 5817 – 2021-22

Bill Information: Restricting the use of synthetic media in campaigns for elective office. Bill Information Page (link)
Sponsors: Frockt, Dhingra, Liias, Stanford
Status: Public hearing in the Senate Committee on State Government & Elections held January 26th.

Brief Summary of Bill

Full Senate Bill Report

https://auburnexaminer.com/state-senate-bill-would-restrict-deep-fake-media-in-political-advertising/


jan22

China's cyberspace regulator issued draft rules on Friday (Jan 28) for content providers that alter facial and voice data, the latest measure to crack down on "deepfakes" and mould a cyberspace that promotes Chinese socialist values.

The rules are aimed at further regulating technologies such as those using algorithms to generate and modify text, audio, images and videos, according to documents published on the website of the Cyberspace Administration of China.

Any platform or company that uses deep learning or virtual reality to alter any online content, what the CAC calls "deep synthesis service providers", will now be expected to "respect social morality and ethics, adhere to the correct political direction". https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-issues-draft-rules-for-deepfakes-in-cyberspace

jan22
FLORIDA

state lawmaker victimized in a hacking and extortion plot is pushing for tougher laws and penalties for so-called revenge porn crimes. Sen. Lauren Book (D-Broward) says nude photos of her were stolen, altered to create images and videos called deep fakes, and then sold online. She wants those actions to be felonies. "My life of public service has resulted in private terror," Book said during a committee hearing in Tallahassee Tuesday. Book was candid as she recounted the moment she learned nude photos of herself, including one photo of a post-surgery scar after a lumpectomy, were stolen and being sold online. It's why Sen. Book is sponsoring SB 1798. If passed, it would make buying, selling, or trading stolen sexually explicit images taken from someone's device a felony. It would also make it a felony to disseminate altered or created sexually explicit images known as deep fakes. Tuesday, the bill was passed unanimously by the Senate Committee on Criminal Justice. "The reality is, I'm not alone. This is happening to people across the state of Florida and all over the world, every single day," Book said. https://www.fox13news.com/news/sexually-explicit-deep-fakes-revenge-porn-could-become-felonies-in-florida

A House panel OK’d a bill Thursday that would modernize cybersex crime laws and criminalize the theft of sexually explicit pictures.

The House Criminal Justice and Public Safety Committee advanced the measure (HB 1453) unanimously without questions or debate. Williston Republican Rep. Joe Harding is the bill sponsor.

“This bill is going to create tougher penalties and ensure that in Florida, we’re not going to tolerate those activities,” Harding told committee members.

The bill contains several provisions. It would:

— Prohibit someone from spreading “deepfake” sexually explicit images — or altered sexual image and videos — without a person’s consent, making it a third-degree felony.

https://floridapolitics.com/archives/493044-cyber-terror-bill-clears-first-house-committee/

Hallandale Beach City Commissioner Sabrina Javellana got up the courage to speak before a Senate committee Tuesday about her experience as a victim of a deep fake — images taken from her personal, social media account were doctored to appear as pornographic images and posted on an anonymous website. She urged the committee to pass the bill to impose penalties on the activity as a cyber crime and she said she was prepared for questions, but she was not prepared for the reaction she got from Sen. Ileana Garcia, a Miami Republican who has recently deleted her social media accounts. Read more at: https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article258181438.html#storylink=cpy

Mar22

A bill that would beef up Florida’s criminal penalties for stealing an individual’s sexually explicit pictures and other sexual image-related crimes has been approved by Florida lawmakers.

SB 1798, which passed the Senate unanimously last week, passed the House 117-0 Tuesday. The legislation is sponsored by Democratic Sen. Lauren Book and Republican Rep. Joe Harding.

The legislation received no opposition at any stage, clearing all of its committee stops without a single dissenting vote. https://floridapolitics.com/archives/505471-cyber-terror-deepfake-bill-close-to-legislature-approval/


jan22
I-technologies have essentially eliminated the need for victims and abusers to have any kind of personal relationship or interaction, which substantially expands the pool of potential deepfake abusers and targets. As a result, new demands exist on the types of interventions needed to prevent, disrupt and respond to this form of abuse. In this chapter, drawing from an analysis of Australian criminal law, we consider whether legal responses are keeping pace with these ever-changing tools to abuse. We conclude by providing recommendations for future, multifaceted responses to deepfake abuse and the need for further research in this space.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83734-1_29


dez21
GERAL

Push for legislation to punish deepfake porn creators, distributors in Taiwan and UK

https://www.biometricupdate.com/202112/push-for-legislation-to-punish-deepfake-porn-creators-distributors-in-taiwan-and-uk

dez21

An Australian woman who's life was "shattered" by deepfake porn says proposed law changes to address the attacks in New Zealand will help empower fellow victims. Labour MP Louisa Wall is fighting to ensure victims of the attacks have the same recourse under the Harmful Digital Communications Act as other survivors of online abuse. (...) Noelle Martin, 27, was only a teen when her world was "shattered" after she discovered her image had been used in deepfake porn without her consent. Wall said there's no criminal pathway under the Harmful Digital Communications Act for victims to hold those responsible to account. The MP said she found out about the issue after she had proposed an amendment to the law earlier this year which would explicitly make the posting of intimate images and recordings without consent illegal. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/calls-from-mps-and-survivor-for-protections-for-deepfake-porn-victims/SXIQAOQSEVEO4X6S2AKZEE242A/



DEZ21

TAIWAN: Cabinet to step up legislation on deepfake creators

  • By Lee Hsin-fang, Chien Hui-ju and Jonathan Chin / Staff reporters, with staff writer
    •  
    •  

The Executive Yuan is to speed up legislative work on proposed amendments to the Criminal Code targeting the creators of deepfake and “revenge” porn, Cabinet spokesman Lo Ping-cheng (羅秉成) said yesterday.

Lo’s remarks came a day after prosecutors questioned a New Taipei City man, Raphael Lin (林秉樞) — the former boyfriend of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) Legislator Kao Chia-yu (高嘉瑜) — over allegations of physical abuse and threats to distribute explicit photos or videos to intimidate women.

The Ministry of Justice last month submitted the proposed amendments to the Executive Yuan and officials are working toward presenting a bill to the legislature as soon as possible, Lo told a press conference after the weekly Cabinet meeting. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/12/03/2003768942


DEZ21
 Inglaterra

An MP has called for non-consensual deepfake porn and nudification images to be made sex crimes, warning they are rapidly on the rise. Maria Miller wants the government to ban the making and sharing of image-based “sexual abuse” under the online safety bill. She will bring an adjournment debate to the Commons on Thursday in which she will outline the “devastating” impact such images have on the victims. (...) The Tory MP said the creation of such images without consent was a “highly sexualised act” and they were difficult to remove from the internet. https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/ban-rape-deepfake-nudifying-tech_uk_61a79734e4b0f398af1aeeb1


DEZ21

It’s difficult to say if 2022 is the year Big Tech will finally be hit with significant new rules, but a series of regulatory and legal threats launched in 2021 will provoke major battles. In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission’s anti-trust lawsuit against Facebook represents a genuine threat to the social media giant, though a court has already dismissed the case once. More lawsuits and a federal investigation — and maybe even finally new laws — are possible in the wake of the damning whistleblower leaks showing Facebook executives knew its sites could cause harm. Some critics say the firm’s major push into realizing the metaverse — a virtual reality version of the internet — is an effort to change the subject after years of criticism. Apple dodged a bullet in 2021 when a US federal court said Fornite maker Epic Games failed to show the iPhone giant held an illegal monopoly, but the firm was still ordered to loosen control over its App Store. Both sides have appealed. New regulations may come sooner in the EU as it pushes through new laws, such as the Digital Services Act which would create much stricter oversight of harmful and illegal content on platforms like Facebook. https://www.macaubusiness.com/tech-2022-trends-meatless-meat-web-3-0-big-tech-battles/

===================aula de 1/12/21 [atenção esta aula não foi atualizada pelos dados mais recentes, por distração, o que significa que o documento proposto na aula não tem em conta os elementos mais recentes relativos aos ultimos meses. REVER!]================


nov21

GOVERNO MAS SEM LEIS

Germany’s federal government is expanding resources for a multi-year deepfake detection project that it is funding. Executives with BioID, a German biometric anti-spoofing vendor, say the firm has joined a consortium of organizations seeking effective methods of unmasking fraudulent, AI-based images, video and audio.

The company is joining several research organizations in the consortium, including the Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications’ Heinrich Hertz Institute, digital ID firm Bundesdruckerei and the Berlin Institute for Safety and Security Research. The project is funded by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). https://www.biometricupdate.com/202111/german-anti-deepfake-effort-takes-on-another-fighter


nov21

To protect those targeted by hostile deepfakes—again, for now, mostly women—legal scholars like Mary Anne Franks at the University of Miami are proposing laws to criminalize “digital forgeries,” or deepfakes that would appear authentic to a reasonable person. Non-malevolent uses, like satire or comedy, would remain legal, Franks says. Granted, she adds, such laws against forgeries are only “a blunt tool.” Indeed, the people who make pornographic deepfakes often aren’t trying to fool anyone. Many openly revel in the fact that they’re using a fake to humiliate a female celebrity.  https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/history-spirit-photography-future-deepfake-videos-180979010/

nov21

When Deep Fakes and Online Defamation Attack You and Your Practice
By Shannon Wilkinson
Attorneys are among those whose names, work and reputations may be attacked by deep fakes, online defamation and domain squatting. Attorneys are often the first people contacted by.
https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2021/11/19/when-deep-fakes-and-online-defamation-attack-you-and-your-practice/

nov21

“Concerns about video-based political persuasion are prevalent in both popular and academic circles, predicated on the assumption that video is more compelling than text,” the researchers wrote in their paper. This is a point we’ve heard again and again from lawmakers over the years, ever since deepfakes first popped up on their radar in mid-2019. When Sens. Rob Portman (R-OH) and Gary Peters (D-MI) introduced the Deepfake Taskforce Act this past summer, Portman noted in a statement that deepfakes posed a “unique threat” to national security. “For most of human history seeing meant believing, but now that is becoming less and less true thanks to deepfakes,” Portman said at the time. “Combined with the network effects created by social media, fake videos or pictures can travel around the world in an instant, tricking citizens.” https://gizmodo.com/deepfakes-maybe-not-quite-the-political-apocalypse-we-f-1848090462 


nov21

TAIWAN A draft amendment to the Criminal Code that would address crimes involving so-called "deepfakes" has been sent to the Cabinet for review ahead of being passed to the Legislature, the Ministry of Justice announced Wednesday. The legislative action comes in the wake of the arrest in October of a male Taiwanese Youtuber suspected of creating and selling pornographic videos that were digitally altered to include likenesses of 100 famous politicians. In a statement, the ministry said that discussions had been held from March onwards with legal scholars, judges, prosecutors and lawyers on the draft amendment, which would tackle offenses related to the dissemination of private videos that include sexual images. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202111170027

out21

But deepfake tech should never be made illegal. There are too many benefits to the technology. Many existing laws should already cover the nefarious uses of deepfakes – laws against blackmail and extortion, for example. However, it would be worth amending laws covering revenge porn to make sharing non-consensual pornographic deepfakes of another person an offence. Doing so could be a powerful deterrent for the most widespread use of deepfakes now. The problem is, the malicious use-cases of deepfakes will only grow as the technology becomes more mainstream. Indeed it may not be too long before someone asks: “Care to explain that video of you that’s going around?” https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/10/30/deepfaked-committing-crime-should-worried/


dez20 (retirado de Lado positivo)

Screen actors will now be protected in New York from their likeness being used without their permission. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo and the New York State legislature have approved and signed into law a bill that protects actors, living and deceased, from unwanted and unauthorized commercial exploitation of their likeness. The bill also bans “deepfake” pornographic videos, which superimpose the heads of actors into sexually explicit videos without their consenthttps://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/actors-unauthorized-actor-image-use-law-72205/

set21

Yancho Yanchev, a data protection specialist and solicitor in the UK, says that deep fakes using real or faked images of others can fall under the scope of Global Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and similar rules across the globe. Yanchev says that this is especially true if those images are distributed for commercial or ideological purposes. "Consider unique nature of personal data such as voice image biometrics that are being processed by machine learning algorithms and the impact a deep fake may have on the real person if misused," said Yanchev. "Fake ID verification on primary IT services - phone, email, online rental, and money transfers - even if not strictly misused is challenging to justify under GDPR or CCPA without the approval of the subject of the deep fake." https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2021/09/21/the-rise-of-voice-cloning-and-deep-fakes-in-the-disinformation-wars/?sh=54ed126538e1

agos21
Another bill that aims to counter deepfakes and deceptive media has been introduced in the Senate. Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee leaders have looked to form a new federal task force that would seek to set standards and deploy technologies that would determine the origins of digital content to ensure that the material is not a deepfake or deceptive. The National Deepfake and Digital Provenance Task Force would effectively draw insights across the public, private, and academic landscapes to ensure that there are not malicious media circulating the internet. The task force would operate within the Homeland Security Department and be formed under new legislation introduced on Thursday. https://www.oodaloop.com/briefs/2021/08/03/senators-introduce-bill-to-help-agencies-counter-deepfakes-and-deceptive-media/ + https://www.nextgov.com/emerging-tech/2021/08/senators-introduce-bill-help-agencies-counter-deepfakes-and-deceptive-media/184227/ — The Homeland Security Committee, meanwhile, will mark up the S. 2559 (117) Deepfake Task Force Act, which would create a task force within the Department of Homeland Security tasked with producing a plan to reduce the spread and impact of deepfakes, digitally manipulated images and video nearly indistinguishable from authentic footage. The bill would build on previous legislation, which passed the Senate last year, requiring DHS to conduct an annual study of deepfakes. The deepfake bill has drawn accolades from tech companies, including Microsoft and Adobe, which say they want to work with the government to address this new and complex form of disinformation. “Deepfakes represent a unique threat to our national security and our democracy,” Sen. Rob Portman (R-Ohio), the committee’s ranking member, said in a statement to MT. “For most of human history seeing meant believing, but now that is becoming less and less true.” https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-tech/2021/08/04/senate-tackles-deepfakes-796930

mai21

El Gobierno acaba de publicar una orden ministerial que regula la expedición de certificados electrónicos cualificados en remoto por videollamada, tales como el de firma electrónica necesario para hacer trámites con la Administración del Estado online. El texto legal, disponible en el Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE), especifica, entre otras cosas, las condiciones y requisitos técnicos para verificar la identidad a distancia y evitar intentos de suplantación usando tecnologías como las deepfakes. Entre las medidas técnicas incluidas para evitar la suplantación de identidad, el texto señala que la herramienta de identificación usada debe garantizar que el proceso se ejecuta en directo por parte del solicitante del certificado, y en una sola vez, de tal forma que se evite la edición de vídeo pregrabado. El archivo audiovisual sólo podrá ser grabado por parte de la empresa o Administración que expida el certificado con el fin de poder revisarlo más tarde. https://www.xataka.com/pro/gobierno-regula-expedicion-certificados-electronicos-cualificados-remoto-videollamada-asi-medidas-anti-deepfakes


Abr21
EUROPA
After the success of the GDPR, Europe is doubling down on setting the standards in Artificial Intelligence. It should be clear to everyone, especially after a version of the “REGULATION ON A EUROPEAN APPROACH FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE” project leaked. While it contains interesting AI governance ideas, I will withhold further assessment for the final version. Here I limit myself to a small observation. European Union will allow the use of deep fake technologies. Yes, the technology that can put someone’s face in realistically looking images or videos, or synthetically create audio content, to make anyone appear to be saying anything. This is evident from Article 1 of this regulation: “It also lays down harmonised transparency rules for AI systems intended to interact with natural persons and AI systems used to generate or manipulate image, audio or video content“. https://blog.lukaszolejnik.com/european-union-regulating-ai-allowing-the-use-of-deepfakes/
The European Union unveiled strict regulations on Wednesday to govern the use of artificial intelligence, a first-of-its-kind policy that outlines how companies and governments can use a technology seen as one of the most significant, but ethically fraught, scientific breakthroughs in recent memory. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/16/business/artificial-intelligence-regulation.html


ABr21
(estudo)
Both government attempts at regulation and actions of private actors, the
media themselves, have failed, and this paper demonstrates those
repeated failures. The nature of speech, especially political speech, is
such that even the definition of what is good and bad, right and wrong, is
elusive. Because the speech belongs to each speaker and no prior effort to
moderate it has worked, and because modern technology thwarts the
possibility of accurate assessment or control, this paper establishes that
attempts at social media content regulation are futile. THE FUTILITY OF REGULATING SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT IN A GLOBAL MEDIA ENVIRONMENT Rick G. Morris

mar21
CHINA Chinese regulators have recently held talks with the companies on potential problems involving “deepfakes” to ensure healthy cyberspace and protect personal information. “Misuse of deepfakes can have serious consequences,” said Zuo Xiaodong, vice president of the China Information Security Research Institute. Zuo said some people abroad have used face-swapping technology to fake images of artists, which has sparked heated debates concerning the technology. The regulatory reminder is to sound alarms on the potential hazards and require the firms to timely report clues that may involve crimes, Zuo said. https://www.macaubusiness.com/potential-risks-of-deepfake-tech-warned-by-regulators-experts/

mar21
The Rise of the “Deepfake” Demands Urgent Legal Reform in the UK
The phenomenon of ‘fake news’ and spread of misinformation is not a new one, but advancements in technology, in particular ‘deepfakes’, have highlighted the seriousness of the threat in a way that has not happened before. Deepfakes have evolved significantly in recent years and the tell-tale signs (odd hand or mouth movements or odd pronunciation for example) that once gave the technology away are becoming harder to detect. Further, deepfakes are now extremely easy to create. The time is now to introduce regulation in this area in order to prevent negative uses of the technology and create an environment where positive use cases emerge.
https://www.natlawreview.com/article/rise-deepfake-demands-urgent-legal-reform-uk  

fev21
Deepfake porn is ruining women’s lives. Now the law may finally ban it
https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/02/12/1018222/deepfake-revenge-porn-coming-ban/

fev21
Bills target the use of ‘deep fakes’ in Hawaii.
https://www.hawaiitribune-herald.com/2021/02/02/hawaii-news/bills-target-the-use-of-deep-fakes-in-hawaii/


jan21

New Jersey An Assembly panel advanced two bills that would require disclaimers on manipulated video and audio recordings and restrict their use against candidates within 60 days of an election on Monday.“Deepfake videos can be used to influence voters to believe in untruths without them even knowing the content was manipulated,” said Assemblyman Andrew Zwicker (D-South Brunswick), who sponsored one of the measures. “These deceptive machine-learning, computer-generated videos, images or audio have no place in our democracy and that is why we are requiring that their use be disclosed.” https://newjerseyglobe.com/legislature/assembly-panel-advances-deepfake-disclosure-bills/


jan21

Can deepfakes, as such, be prohibited under American law? Almost certainly not. In U.S. v. Alvarez, decided in 2012, a badly divided Supreme Court held that the First Amendment prohibits the government from regulating speech simply because it is a lie. The case concerned a man who falsely claimed that he was a recipient of the Medal of Honor. Lying about receiving that medal is a crime under the 2006 Stolen Valor Act, but the Supreme Court struck down the key provision of that law, ruling that the lie was protected by the First Amendment. The plurality opinion declared that “permitting the government to decree this speech to be a criminal offense…would endorse government authority to compile a list of subjects about which false statements are punishable. That governmental power has no clear limiting principle…. Were this law to be sustained, there could be an endless list of subjects the National Government or the States could single out.” Under existing law, a key question is whether deepfakes cause sufficient harm. If they are libelous, they could be regulated under current legal standards, which allow plaintiffs to recover damages when, for example, a speaker hurts their reputation by spreading what the speaker knows to be a lie. But deepfakes need not be libelous. They might be positive, making people look impressive or wonderful. A deepfake might be used, say, to advertise an energy pill by showing an 80-year-old man taking the pill and then dunking a basketball like LeBron James. And if a deepfake shows a politician doing something amazing or heroic, there’s no libel. Does the government have the right to ban these kinds of deepfakes? According to the plurality opinion in Alvarez, “The remedy for speech that is false is speech that is true. This is the ordinary course in a free society.” By this standard, the best response to many deepfakes is a smile and a laugh—or counter-speech and disclosure—rather than censorship. Social media platforms are not bound by the First Amendment, but in cases in which people could be misled, such platforms might want to label deepfakes as such, but not take them down, certainly as a matter of course. Twitter has voluntarily adopted an approach of this kind, potentially adding labels to manipulated media but taking down tweets that contain them only if they are “likely to cause harm.” https://www.wsj.com/articles/can-the-government-regulate-deepfakes-11610038590




jan21
“This proposal doesn’t tinker around the edges of ethics reform. It contains historic ideas to protect whistleblowers and prevent everything from the undue influence of lawbreakers on the House Floor to the dissemination of deepfakes on government accounts,” McGovern said in a statement. https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532323-pelosi-announces-proposed-rules-package-for-incoming-congress


Effective in 2020, two new California laws will regulate the distribution of so-called "deepfakes"—manipulated images, audio, or visual depictions of someone that appear to be genuine. But the laws, which are designed to prevent improper influence of elections and unauthorized use of one’s likeness in pornography, have come under scrutiny from First Amendment advocates. AB 730 prohibits the use of deepfakes to influence political campaigns. That new law will sunset on January 1, 2023 and will no longer be in effect after that time. AB 730 prohibits distributing "with actual malice" materially deceptive audio or visual media showing a candidate for office within 60 days of an election, with the intent to injure the candidate’s reputation or deceive a voter into voting for or against the candidate. The law also permits an affected candidate to file a lawsuit and seek injunctive relief, general or special damages, and attorney’s fees. § 20010(c). Significantly, this measure exempts print and online media and websites if that entity clearly discloses that the deepfake video or audio file is inaccurate or of questionable authenticity (LINK

dez20
 Today, U.S. Senators Rob Portman (R-OH) ) and Brian Schatz (D-HI) announced that the Senate-passed FY 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) conference report includes their bipartisan Deepfake Report Act. The bipartisan measure directs the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to conduct an annual study of deepfakes and other types of similar content. Deepfakes are hyper-realistic, digital manipulations of real content that depict events that did not actually occur. The legislation requires DHS to assess the technology used to generate deepfakes, the uses of deepfakes by foreign and domestic entities, and available countermeasures to deepfakes, to help policymakers and the public better understand the threats deepfakes pose to our national security and election security. The Deepfake Report Act passed the Senate in October 2019 as a stand-alone bill. The legislation now heads to the president’s desk to be signed into law.
https://www.portman.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/senate-passed-fy-2021-ndaa-conference-report-includes-portman-schatz
In quick succession in December, Congress sent two bills to the president, the National Defense Authorization (NDAA) for FY 2021 and the IOGAN Act. They would require, respectively, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Defense (DOD), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to issue reports on and bolster research into deepfakes, which are sometimes known by other names like “machine-manipulated media,” “synthetic media,” or “digital content forgeries.” These bills ask for recommendations that could lay the predicate for federal regulations of such media. 
https://thehill.com/opinion/cybersecurity/531911-congresss-deepening-interest-in-deepfakes


dez20
Screen actors will now be protected in New York from their likeness being used without their permission. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo and the New York State legislature have approved and signed into law a bill that protects actors, living and deceased, from unwanted and unauthorized commercial exploitation of their likeness. The bill also bans “deepfake” pornographic videos, which superimpose the heads of actors into sexually explicit videos without their consenthttps://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/actors-unauthorized-actor-image-use-law-72205/ + https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/dead-celebrities-and-digital-78534/

?
“Sen. Ben Sasse (R-Neb.) introduced a bill to criminalize the malicious creation and distribution of deepfakes — the first of its kind. Introduced a day before the government shutdown, the bill flew under the radar and expired when the year ended. But Sasse's office tells Axios he intends to reintroduce it.” LINK + LINK


nov20

Let’s look at Texas’s law, which makes it a Class A misdemeanor for a person to create and publish a “deep fake video” within 30 days of an election. The creator of the video must have the intent to “injure a candidate” or to “influence the result of an election.” Convictions are punishable by a fine or up to a year in prison. The law’s definition of “deep fake video” is not what you might think: it doesn’t require the video be made with artificial intelligence, machine-learning, or any other sophisticated technology. Instead, a “deep fake video” is any “video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality.” Like many legislative attempts to prohibit political ‘deepfakes,’ Texas’s law is hopelessly overbroad. Beyond that, the law risks criminalizing political videos that rely on common filmmaking techniques. Texas’s law gives prosecutors a broad power to censor political speech those prosecutors disagree with. And the power to enforce this type of law will inevitably be used against those without power, regardless of their political affiliation. In fact, the sitting mayor of Houston already called for prosecutors to investigate a political opponent for violating the law. That’s a power we can’t entrust to any government—whether it’s prosecutors in Texas or California, New York or Florida. LINK + VIDEO

nov20


SAG-AFTRA has commended New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo and the New York Legislature for signing a law protecting members from “deep fake” sexually explicit material and prohibiting the exploitation of one’s name, image and voice after they pass away. The performers union said Monday that the law protects the images and voices of SAG-AFTRA members and their families, in life and now postmortem, from unwanted and unauthorized commercial exploitation. It also strictly prohibits the publication and dissemination of digitally created, non-consensual, sexually explicit material. https://variety.com/2020/film/news/sag-aftra-commends-andrew-cuomo-deep-fake-videos-1234842715/



For example, in Britain, revenge porn laws do not criminalize images that were created using existing images, such as the way deepfakes are created. So, someone would not be able to seek justice against revenge porn if they were deepfakes. In contrast, the law regarding revenge porn in Scotland includes deepfakes because it does not exclude images that were altered or otherwise created using an existing image. I hope that provides clarification. Nathalie Redick

nv20

EU law enforcement authorities should make ‘significant investments’ into developing new screening technologies that could help to detect the malicious use of deepfakes, a new report from the bloc’s police agency Europol recommends.

iThe purpose of politically-motivated deepfake videos is to stoke social unrest and political polarisation between online users, by way of delivering falsified messages from well-known leaders. Europol expects the means of those producing to become more technologically advanced in the future.

“The individuals and groups behind the abuse of deepfakes are expected to adapt their modus operandi with the aim of evading detection and training their models to follow counter-detection measures,” states Europol’s report, published on Thursday (19 November).

“Deepfakes can, in this regard, become a significant challenge to the current forensic audio-visual analysis and authentication techniques employed by industries, competent authorities, media professionals, and civil society,” the document, which examines the threat landscape for artificial intelligence technologies, adds.

https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/eu-police-recommend-new-online-screening-tech-to-catch-deepfakes/ 

The report, titled Malicious Uses and Abuses of Artificial Intelligence, stated that phishing and deepfakes had become two major concerns. The report, which was published with the help of Trend Micro, said that by utilizing deepfakes, hackers can tailor a phishing attack. Emulating the voice of a trusted figure, hackers can fool people into giving up sensitive information such as passwords, account numbers or PINs. https://www.ibtimes.sg/dan-browns-digital-fortress-scenario-looms-large-ai-powered-cyberattacks-un-report-53536


nov20

US legislation mandating government research into deepfakes took a step closer to becoming law this week after it passed the Senate by unanimous consent. Sponsored by Democrat senator for Nevada, Catherine Cortez Masto, the Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks (IOGAN) Act recognizes the need for such research as nation states and cyber-criminals hone their tools. “This bill directs the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to support research on generative adversarial networks. A generative adversarial network is a software system designed to be trained with authentic inputs (e.g. photographs) to generate similar, but artificial, outputs (e.g. deepfakes),” noted a summary of the bill.

https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/us-senate-approves-new-deepfake/



AUDio - legal?
NOv20
Convincing audio deepfakes have arrived in 2020 – but they’re falling into legal grey territory. Specifically, she cites a case from 1988 when the Ford Motor Company created an advertisement mimicking Bette Midler’s voice. The ad employed a former backup singer for Midler to re-create the iconic diva’s warble. “Copyright has been administered federally for a very long time; some states just disagree foundationally on why we have right of publicity,” Levendowski says. Right of publicity laws aren’t federal; they’re established state by state. Tennessee has a very favorable approach to right of publicity laws for artists due to Nashville’s thriving music industry. Midler sued over the ad, and the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals found that Midler’s voice was a protected property right. In that decision, Judge John T. Noonan writes that the First Amendment protects the recreation of a person’s voice. However, if that recreation is used to exploit another person’s identity, then it is not protected. “Copyright has been administered federally for a very long time; some states just disagree foundationally on why we have right of publicity,” Levendowski says. Right of publicity laws aren’t federal; they’re established state by state. Tennessee has a very favorable approach to right of publicity laws for artists due to Nashville’s thriving music industry. https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2020/11/12/audio-deepfakes-legality/


out20
enquadramento legal no Brasil
https://intertvweb.com.br/espaco-juridico/deepfakes-assombram-eleicoes/

out20
A recent study by the Dawes Centre for Future Crime at the UCL Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science labeled deepfakes the most serious A.I.-enabled threat. Sen. Ben Sasse, a Nebraskan Republican who has introduced a bill to criminalize the malicious creation of deepfakes, warned last year that the technology could “destroy human lives,” “roil financial markets,” and even “spur military conflicts around the world.” https://finance.yahoo.com/news/deepfakes-dangerous-technology-creators-regulators-151522334.html


agot

In 2019, California and Texas both passed legislation prohibiting the use of deepfakes in elections. Texas passed the first law criminalizing deepfakes in September with Senate Bill 751. The legislation bans publishing and distributing deepfake videos “with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election,” within 30 days of an election. California’s A.B. 730, signed into law by Governor Newsom on October 3, provides civil remedies and prohibits the creation and distribution of “materially deceptive” audio or visual media of a candidate within 60 days of an election. (---) While the laws in Texas and California have been lauded as important efforts in addressing the proliferation of fake and manipulated news in U.S. elections, some legal experts have questioned the enforceability of the laws, arguing that efforts to ban deepfakes cross into protected First Amendment territoryhttps://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/protecting-elections-regulating-39567/ + https://www.internetandtechnologylaw.com/elections-deepfakes-politics-regulation/



jul20

The report on ‘virtual justice’ by New York-based privacy group Surveillance Technology Oversight Project (STOP) noted that parties to online court proceedings may be asked to verify their identity by providing sensitive personal information, biometric data, or facial scans – in the state of Oregon, judges sign into their virtual court systems using facial recognition. It said: “Distrust around digital records has persisted with the advent and ease of photoshopping. Altered evidence can still be introduced if the authenticating party is itself fooled or is lyin.  Video manipulation software, including ‘deepfake’ technology, poses problems for remote courts in verifying evidence and that litigants or witnesses are who they say they are, a report has warned. https://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/deepfake-warning-over-online-courts


JUL20
Bipartisan legislation directing an annual, comprehensive examination into the technology underpinning, and threats posed by super-realistic manipulated media called deepfakes may have found a path forward as an amendment to the Senate’s fiscal 2021 National Defense Authorization Act.
 Sens. Rob Portman, R-Ohio and Brian Schatz, D-Hawaii proposed adding the Deepfake Report Act—originally unveiled one year ago—to the annual authorization bill Thursday. The Deepfake Report Act, which passed the Senate in October and was referred to the House Consumer Protection and Commerce Subcommittee, would mandate the Homeland Security Department to investigate the potential impacts of deepfakes and other, related technologically altered content on national and election security. https://www.nextgov.com/emerging-tech/2020/06/senators-introduce-deepfake-focused-amendment-defense-authorization-act/166528/ SAG-AFTRA said today that it expects New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo to sign a bill updating the right of publicity and prohibiting the distribution of digitally created, sexually explicit performances – known as “deepfakes” – without the consent of the performer. The bill was passed unanimously – 60-0 – in the New York Senate and by a vote of 140-1 in the Assembly earlier this month. The union, which has been the moving force behind the bill, called it “a milestone” in its efforts to protect performers against digital image and voice exploitation. https://deadline.com/2020/07/deepfakes-sag-aftra-expects-andrew-cuomo-to-sign-law-banning-face-swapping-porn-1202997577/


jun20

Jun20

In their article "The Federal Deepfakes Law" for the Journal of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Law, Matthew Ferraro, Jason Chipman and Stephen Preston discuss the nation’s first federal law related to deepfakes, signed in December 2019. The law (1) requires a comprehensive report on the foreign weaponization of deepfakes; (2) requires the government to notify Congress of foreign deepfake-disinformation activities targeting US elections; and (3) establishes a “Deepfakes Prize” competition to encourage the research or commercialization of deepfake-detection technologies. These are important policy innovations, especially around the 2020 election, artificial intelligence and fake news. https://www.wilmerhale.com/en/insights/publications/20200701-the-federal-deepfakes-law


mqio20
For a long time, legal and regulatory control have lagged behind the pace of technology in China. New applications like deep fake and the increasingly wide use of facial recognition technology have forced our notion of privacy to collapse. "We have become transparent and there is no such thing as privacy and security," said Li Shufu, chairman of Geely Automobile, in a 2018 speech that echoes the thoughts of many in China. https://english.cctv.com/2020/05/27/ARTIIXJlRte0kwcdA6KfrT1b200527.shtml


mai20
The IOGAN Act, sponsored by Sens. Catherine Cortez Masto, D-Nev., and Jerry Moran, R-Kan., would direct the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to support research to accelerate the development of technologies that could help improve the detection of deepfakes. According to Cortez Mastro, the legislation also asks NIST to develop and set measurements and standards relating to the technologies, as well as develop a report on the feasibility of public-private partnerships to detect deepfakes. The legislation has a companion bill in the House and is sponsored by Reps. Haley Stevens, D-Mich., Jamie Baird, R-Ind., and former Rep. Katie Hill, D-Calif. https://www.meritalk.com/articles/senate-commerce-advances-cyber-spectrum-and-deepfakes-bills/


(TRIBUNAIS) Jay-Z's company has taken action against a YouTube channel which created 'deepfake' videos that mimic the rapper's voice. 
Roc Nation filed takedown notices against two videos created by Vocal Synthesis that use 'artificial intelligence to make [Jay-Z] rap Billy Joel’s We Didn’t Start the Fire and Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy,' The Guardian reported on Wednesday. Although the two videos were initially taken down, as of Wednesday they were back up on the video streaming site.  https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-8270987/Jay-Z-takes-legal-action-against-deepfakes-likeness-rapping-Billy-Joel-Hamlet.html Over the weekend, for the first time, the anonymous creator of Vocal Synthesis received a copyright claim on YouTube, taking two of his videos offline with deepfaked audio of Jay-Z reciting the “To Be or Not To Be” soliloquy from Hamlet and Billy Joel’s “We Didn’t Start the Fire.” According to the creator, the copyright claims were filed by Roc Nation LLC with an unusual reason for removal: “This content unlawfully uses an AI to impersonate our client’s voice.” https://www.predictiveanalyticsworld.com/machinelearningtimes/with-questionable-copyright-claim-jay-z-orders-deepfake-audio-parodies-off-youtube/11421/
"He would like to emphasize that all of the videos on this channel were intended as entertainment, and there was no malicious purpose for any of them.” https://lawstreetmedia.com/tech/copyright-claims-against-deepfaked-audio-raises-legal-questions/ 
Could audio deepfakes of rappers or singers violate laws other than copyright? It depends. Some states have a right of publicity, which allows an individual to control the commercial use of their name and likeness. In California, the entertainment industry has been lobbying for updating publicity-rights rules to address deepfakes. A handful of states have recently enacted laws against deepfakes used for non-consensual porn or to interfere with an election. https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/what-does-jay-zs-fight-over-audio-deepfakes-mean-for-the-future-of-ai-music/
Try telling that to Jay-Z, though. Vocal Synthesis says Jay's company, Roc Nation, filed a takedown request to withdraw the videos from YouTube for copyright infringement. Roc Nation's parent company, Live Nation, didn't respond to our request for comment. YouTube removed the videos for a hot second but then reposted them, which begs the question... https://www.delawarepublic.org/post/latest-deepfake-controversy-raises-legal-and-ethical-questions-music-industry 
Abr20
Last week, the Trump campaign filed a defamation lawsuit against a small TV station in Wisconsin that was running the ad. We think this lawsuit has little chance of succeeding. But the legal merits are almost irrelevant, since it may still have its intended effect: stifling criticism of the president and deterring other TV stations from carrying the ad. The Trump campaign threatened a second TV station over a separate ad.  Unfortunately, a wave of new state laws is likely to increase the frequency of this kind of lawsuit, and even the threat of criminal prosecution, by entrenched powers looking to preserve their political advantage. The threat? Political “deepfakes” laws. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/04/not-hoax-very-real-threat-political-deepfakes-laws
TEXTO MUITO RECOMENDADO sobre leis https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/04/not-hoax-very-real-threat-political-deepfakes-laws

MAR20 Congressional fever to legislate regarding deepfakes can be “tempered” by recognizing that there are laws that already protect users from a lot of the harms that are inflicted by deepfakes, said Sheffner.
But the first amendment makes it challenging to regulate even “false speech,” Sheffner said.  (...) Clauser said “draconian laws” for deepfakes would actually be more damaging for the United States than helpful.LINK

CALIFORNIA:

California has banned political deepfakes during election season: Last week, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed into law AB 730, which makes it a crime to distribute audio or video that gives a false, damaging impression of a politician’s words or actions. The law applies to any candidate within 60 days of an election, but includes some exceptions. News media will be exempt from the requirement, as will videos made for satire or parody. Potentially deceptive video or audio will also be allowed if it includes a disclaimer noting that it’s fake. The law will sunset in 2023 https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/7/20902884/california-deepfake-political-ban-election-2020
06/11/2019- “California’s Anti-Deepfake Law Is Far Too Feeble - While well intentioned, the law has too many loopholes for malicious actors and puts too little responsibility on platforms.” (LINK)
19/11/2019 California’s Imperfect but Necessary Attempts to Regulate A.I. While the state’s new laws on bots and deepfakes have their flaws, they represent a vital first step to curbing dangerous new technology  https://onezero.medium.com/californias-imperfect-but-necessary-attempts-to-regulate-a-i-4479c58a1cc2
“(5) This section does not apply to materially deceptive audio or visual media that constitutes satire or parody. (e) As used in this section, “materially deceptive audio or visual media” means an image or an audio or video recording of a candidate’s appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated in a manner such that both of the following conditions are met: (1) The image or audio or video recording would falsely appear to a reasonable person to be authentic. (2) The image or audio or video recording would cause a reasonable person to have a fundamentally different understanding or impression of the expressive content of the image or audio or video recording than that person would have if the person were hearing or seeing the unaltered, original version of the image or audio or video recording. (LINK)
Criticas: Assembly Bill 730, by Palo Alto Democrat Marc Berman, prohibits the dissemination “with actual malice,” any materially deceptive audio or visual material within 60 days of an election. Defenders of the bill see it as a defense against “deep fakes,” such as the video, posted last May, that appeared to show House Speaker Nancy Pelosi in a drunken condition.https://dailycaller.com/2019/12/31/billingsley-california-2020/


Le secrétariat d’État au numérique explique, dans sa réponse publiée au Journal officiel le 15 octobre, que le droit français est déjà équipé avec la loi relative à la lutte contre la manipulation de l’information, en vigueur depuis le 22 décembre 2018. Ce texte, observe-t-il, « s’applique dans l’ensemble de ses dispositions à la lutte contre toutes les fausses informations, y compris celles se fondant sur des hypertrucages ». LINK

29/10/2019 NOVO “What does the emergence of deepfakes mean for lawyers and judges? In 2019, it means there needs to be an awareness that they exist and to anticipate challenges (both well founded and opportunistic) to audio and videotape authenticity. We can expect the development of a cottage industry of people who purport to be able to tell a fake from an authentic tape, and to have a new series of experts in the courtroom. We may need to develop protocols for clear chain of custody histories for audio and videotapes; these histories will record the metadata demonstrating that a tape came off a particular server and was transmitted in a controlled manner” (LINK)

NOVO 30/10/2019 Virginia has banned the use of deepfake technology to make non-consensual pornography, the dominant use-case.  (LINK)

USA: On December 20, 2019, President Trump signed the nation's first federal law related to "deepfakes." Deepfakes are false yet highly realistic artificial intelligence-created media, such as a video showing people saying things they never said and doing things they never did. The deepfake legislation is part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (NDAA), the $738 billion defense policy bill, that the President signed into law on Friday, after it was passed by the Senate 86-8 and the House 377-48.1 LINK

JAN20: Democratic State Senator Rebecca Millett has proposed a bill that would outlaw “deep fake” ads within 60 days of an election. These include ads in which a video might be altered to show a candidate saying they support some policy, when they actually oppose it.“As the campaign cycle continues to ramp up, as we approach November, security in our election will remain a top issue,” says Millett. “This bill will take a proactive approach in addressing the use of deep fake technology to affect an election.” LINK
Avisar os deputados para terem cuidado EUA jan20 "Members have a duty, and a First Amendment right, to contribute to the public discourse, including through parody and satire," the memo reads. "However, manipulation of images and videos that are intended to mislead the public can harm that discourse and reflect discreditably on the House." LINK
MAR20 Danielle Citroen We need a federal bill against nonconsensual intimate imagery. CCRI is working with lawmakers about what we’re calling digital forgery: manipulation of video and audio showing people doing and saying things they never did and said, with the intent to cause reputational or economic harm, a species of criminal defamation. CCRI research [shows] more than 60 percent of perpetrators said that if they knew there was a law, they wouldn’t dare risk it. DESENVOLVER AQUI

The state of Texas prohibited deepfakes in 2019 with the passage of SB 751, making it a criminal offense to fabricate a deceptive video with the intent to influence the outcome of an election. By the time this year’s session gaveled to order, Illinois, New Jersey, and Hawaii introduced their own legislation to make visual misinformation illegal. A pair of bills in Illinois, SB3171 and HB532, went after still photography and AI-assisted deepfake videos that “appear to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality,” making them illegal under the state’s election code. Meanwhile, the Hawaii Legislature is considering a bill, HB2572, which “prohibits creating, disclosing or threatening to disclose deep fake videos of persons in the nude or engaging in sexual activity.” https://www.governing.com/now/Legislative-Watch-Paper-Files-Bots-and-Deepfakes.html

JAN20 (BRASIL) Além de buscar essas respostas, a comissão busca aprimorar a legislação brasileira para evitar que perfis falsos divulguem informações falsas e não sejam punidos, diz o presidente do colegiado, senador Angelo Coronel (PSD-BA). O objetivo é que as novas leis possam ser aprovadas a tempo das Eleições municipais de 2020. Um grande risco neste ano, ressalta o senador, é o uso de "deepfakes", vídeos criados a partir de inteligência artificial que reproduzem a aparência, as expressões e até a voz de pessoas. LINK




On December 20, 2019, President Trump signed the nation's first federal law related to "deepfakes." Deepfakes are false yet highly realistic artificial intelligence-created media, such as a video showing people saying things they never said and doing things they never did. The deepfake legislation is part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (NDAA), the $738 billion defense policy bill, that the President signed into law on Friday, after it was passed by the Senate 86-8 and the House 377-48.1In two provisions related to this emerging technology, the NDAA (1) requires a comprehensive report on the foreign weaponization of deepfakes; (2) requires the government to notify Congress of foreign deepfake-disinformation activities targeting US elections; and (3) establishes a "Deepfakes Prize" competition to encourage the research or commercialization of deepfake-detection technologies.” LINK


Os estados de Virgínia e Califórnia já aprovaram leis contra “deepfakes”, ela disse. “Mas é preciso fazer muito mais para impedir que as imagens das pessoas sejam usadas sem consentimento”, afirmou. https://www.conjur.com.br/2020-mar-05/justica-aprender-lidar-provas-deepfakes


CHINA:
Difundir vídeos 'deepfake' sin avisar de que son falsos será un delito em China a partir del próximo año LINK
dez19 Administração do Ciberespaço da China definiu um conjunto de regras que balizam que conteúdos devem ser considerados como “bons” ou “ilegais” pelas plataformas de conteúdos. Entre os elementos que o país quer controlar estão os algoritmos de recomendação de conteúdos. As regras encorajam, por exemplo, a criação de conteúdos que promovam os ideais socialistas defendidos pelo presidente Xi Jinping e que ajudem a aumentar a influência da cultura chinesa a nível internacional. LINK

REGULATIONS: A LOST CAUSE? https://www.govtech.com/products/Deepfakes-The-Next-Big-Threat-to-American-Democracy.html


 JAN20 AI precisa de ser regulada, diz Google  
“Não há dúvida de que a Inteligência Artificial precisa ser regulada. É importante demais para não o fazer. A única questão é como abordar isso. Empresas como a nossa não podem apenas construir novas tecnologias promissoras e deixar que as forças do mercado decidam como será usada. É igualmente nosso dever garantir que a tecnologia seja aproveitada para o bem e esteja disponível para todos.”Sundar Pichai CEO do Google e da Alphabet LINK
Como os estados vão combater?
Mar20 Uma conclusão dos participantes da conferência, intitulada “Pílula vermelha vs. pílula azul: como deepfakes estão definindo a realidade digital”, foi a de que a justiça tem “um problema enorme” pela frente. https://www.conjur.com.br/2020-mar-05/justica-aprender-lidar-provas-deepfakes
In mid-September 2018, two Democrats and one Republican representative sent a letter to the director of national intelligence asking the intelligence community to assess the possible national security threats posed by deepfake technology and present a report to Congress by the end of 2018. Lawmakers cited the potential for foreign adversaries to use deepfake videos against U.S. interests as a key reason to investigate them. https://www.poynter.org/ifcn/anti-misinformation-actions/#us
9/12/19: House Passes Bipartisan Legislation on STEM, Deepfakes, Sustainable Chemistry, and Biotechnology (LINK
JAN20. Can deepfakes be regulated? (LINK)
BRASIL: JAN 20 Na tentativa de conter a disseminação das "deepfakes", o Tribunal Superior Eleitoral criou novas medidas na legislação e um grupo de combate específico. O juiz-auxiliar da Presidência do TSE e coordenador do Programa de Enfrentamento à Desinformação, Ricardo Fiorezze, disse que, além de banir os vídeos manipulados, a ideia é também divulgar a informação verdadeira LINK
CHINA: Em visto que o número de usuários das plataforma online de áudio e vídeo aumenta significativamente e há potencial de abuso para novas tecnologias como "deepfake", esse tipo de regulamento é necessário, afirmou a Administração do Ciberespaço da China, citando problemas como a disseminação de informações ilegais e maliciosas e a violação dos direitos e interesses legítimos da população. http://portuguese.xinhuanet.com/2019-11/30/c_138595549.htm
LEIS Like in the case of other fake news and disinformation, questions around attribution and responsibility arise. For one, who should be responsible for regulating the content? Is it the video creator? Those who share it? Or the platforms that they are shared on? (LINK)
-        puts the emphasis on training staff. (LINK)
Efeito California:
17/11/2019 Filipinas:
17/11/2019 The US Senate passed in October a bipartisan bill that would require the Department of Homeland Security to publish an annual report on the use of deepfake technology. (mais sobre o assunto )

27/10/19
The Senate on Thursday passed bipartisan legislation intended to help further understand the risks posed by “deepfake” videos, or those altered by artificial intelligence to change the meaning of the video. The Deepfake Report Act would require the Department of Homeland Security to publish an annual report on the use of deepfake technology that would be required to include an assessment of how both foreign governments and domestic groups are using deepfakes to harm national security. LINK


HUMOR
CRITICAS À INICIATIVA HUMOR??? POLITICA??? “But Facebook’s policy doesn’t extend to deepfakes meant as parody or satire, nor does it ban other forms of doctored videos made with less sophisticated software. It also doesn’t override Facebook’s policy against fact-checking politicians, meaning deepfakes posted by a political candidate would not be removed. (…) Because the policy protects videos intended as satire, many deepfakes will remain online. One of those is a deepfake of Mark Zuckerberg created by activists in June to protest misinformation on Facebook. The doctored video shows Zuckerberg making a fake speech about power. A Facebook spokesperson confirmed to Business Insider that the Zuckerberg deepfake falls within the policy’s satire category. The new policy doesn’t cover more rudimentary forms of doctored videos either. An infamous clip of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, edited to make it look as if she’s slurring her words, will remain on Facebook even under the new policy, the Facebook spokesperson confirmed to Business Insider. Yet Facebook’s fact-checkers have marked the video with a warning that it is false. LINK

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