Large tech platforms including TikTok, X and Facebook will soon have to identify AI-generated content in order to protect the upcoming European election from disinformation.
"We know that this electoral period that's opening up in the European Union is going to be targeted either via hybrid attacks or foreign interference of all kinds," Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton told European lawmakers in Strasbourg on Wednesday. "We can't have half-baked measures."
Ainda provisório, o acordo é considerado “uma conquista histórica” e “um marco importante para o futuro” da regulação da Inteligência Artificial, num equilíbrio delicado entre o incentivo à inovação e a preservação dos direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos, como salienta Carme Artigas, secretária de Estado de Espanha para a digitalização e a Inteligência Artificial, em representação do Conselho da UE.
Desde que foi apresentada pela Comissão Europeia em 2021, a proposta de regulação já passou pelo Parlamento e chega agora a uma fase relevante antes da confirmação do texto final, mas também tem sido alvo de críticas de várias organizações e empresas que consideram que pode limitar a inovação, sobretudo nas pequenas e médias empresas. O objetivo geral da União Europeia é garantir que os sistemas de Inteligência Artificial usados no mercado europeu são seguros e respeitam os direitos e valores da UE, ao mesmo tempo que promovem o investimento e inovação.
https://tek.sapo.pt/noticias/computadores/artigos/regulacao-da-inteligencia-artificial-vai-avancar-na-europa-o-que-pode-mudar-e-quais-sao-as-multas?elqTrackId=724d013bd74e4fc7977d519e4471d37a&elq=f8c570980d9947179459c06572b2c8ac&elqaid=10225&elqat=1&elqCampaignId=9787
he government will soon meet social media platforms< .. The government will soon meet social media platforms ..
No immunity if firms don’t act on deepfakes: Minister
O Presidente dos EUA, Joe Biden, assinou uma ordem executiva que visa diretamente o futuro da Inteligência Artificial (IA), naquele que é o primeiro passo para regular a IA nos Estados Unidos. A medida mais "sonante" é a que obriga as empresas a partilhar os testes das suas ferramentas com o governo. No entanto, temas como a privacidade, os direitos civis, a proteção dos consumidores e os direitos dos trabalhadores também são tidos em conta.
https://24.sapo.pt/tecnologia/artigos/biden-ordem-executiva-inteligencia-artificial?utm_source=newsletter_24&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20231031_oe2024-a-defesa-as-campanhas-negras-e-a-aprovacao-garantida&utm_content=podcast_/tecnologia/artigos/biden-ordem-executiva-inteligencia-artificial&elqTrackId=e8e12c6df30d4683b0c815d45dcc2978&elq=8433bfd74c2249f397ad44d166cd4c69&elqaid=9929&elqat=1&elqCampaignId=9497
BIDEN:
Biden reacts to watching deepfakes of himself: ‘When the hell did I say that?’
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_JLkU5xF2Y
While nine states have enacted laws regulating deepfakes, the feasibility of federal legislation is still up in the air. Public Citizen submitted a new petition to the Federal Election Commission last week urging the agency to reconsider regulating after a 3-3 deadlock in June halted the group’s initial effort. If the commission again shrugs off the request, more pressure will pile on Congress to act.
Debates about the agency’s power to police the technology come as political groups take advantage of deepfakes ahead of the 2024 presidential elections. Florida Gov.
“That one stands out because that was done by a mainstream political candidate,” Andrew Grotto, an international security fellow at Stanford University’s Cyber Policy Center, said about the ad.
https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/deepfake-ads-rock-pre-ai-campaign-laws-puzzling-us-regulators
After recent election cycles dominated by fake news and the "Big Lie," members of Congress and advocacy groups are urging the Federal Election Commission to act on a new disinformation threat: deepfakes.
Advocacy group Public Citizendelivered a second petition to the commission Thursday asking it to issue rules and regulations for governing the spread of false, artificial-intelligence-generated soundbites, images, or videos in the 2024 race.
Senate Bill S6829A
Sharing deepfake intimate images is to be criminalised in England and Wales. Amendments to the online safety bill will make it illegal to share explicit images or videos that have been digitally manipulated to look like someone else without their consent.
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is unsurprisingly a part of the “deepfakes panic” that has been spread and promoted for some years now by a number of politicians and media outlets around the world.
The notion of deepfake tech is used here as a stand-in for (future) AI in general – and least as far as WEF’s “fears” go, behind them is an attempt to make sure that governments and regulators around the world get working to prevent “harm” from AI.
Victims of “deepfake porn” and “doxing” would have a legal pathway to sue their perpetrators in Illinois under a pair of digital privacy measures that have so far received unanimous support in the General Assembly.
House Bill 2954, which would allow victims of “doxing” to pursue civil litigation, needs only a signature from the governor to become law after clearing both chambers of the General Assembly unanimously.
A 22-year-old Long Island man has been sentenced to six months in jail and must register as a sex offender for taking photos from social media accounts of nearly a dozen women when they were in high and middle school, altering them to make them sexually explicit and then posting them on a porn website for years, prosecutors say.
Patrick Carey, who was posting the fake images up to within hours of his 2021 arrest, also shared the women's personal identifying information, including full names, phone numbers and addresses -- and encouraged other users on the porn site to harass and threaten them with violence, according to court documents.
Carey pleaded guilty in December to multiple felonies in the deepfake scheme, including promoting a sexual performance by a child, aggravated harassment as a hate crime and stalking.
At Tuesday's sentencing, the Seaford man was ordered to stay away from each of the 11 victims -- a judge issued orders of protection lasting the statutory eight years maximum each. He will also be subject to 10 years of probation on top of the jail time and sex offender requirements.
https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/long-island-man-jailed-in-deepfake-sex-scheme-targeting-14-women-from-his-high-school/4251661/
ab23
Today, Ofcom issued a statement to broadcasters in relation to 'synthetic media' (including deepfakes) in broadcast programming.
"Synthetic media" is an umbrella term for video, image, text, or voice that has been generated in whole or in part by artificial intelligence algorithms.
Ofcom understands that synthetic media has become increasingly prevalent online and has also been used in virtual reality, augmented reality, gaming, and other forms of digital media. It is also used in marketing, advertising, and the entertainment industry, including in filmmaking and broadcasting.
However, as this type of technology continues to grow and evolve at a rapid rate, Ofcom is cognisant that synthetic media is likely to become more prevalent in broadcast content. While there are some benefits of the technology (to content creators, broadcasters and audiences), there are also risks and challenges.
Ofcom gives as an example, the risk that 'DeepFake' software can replace a person in an existing image or video with someone else's likeness with realistic results. Other challenges outlined by Ofcom include:
https://www.mondaq.com/uk/broadcasting-film-tv--radio/1304392/deepfakes-ofcom-says-broadcasting-code-is-adequate-to-help-maintain-trust-and-fairness
http://blog.galalaw.com/post/102ic0k/deepfakes-ofcom-says-broadcasting-code-is-adequate-to-help-maintain-trust-and-fa?utm_source=mondaq&utm_medium=syndication&utm_term=Media-Telecoms-IT-Entertainment&utm_content=articleoriginal&utm_campaign=article
mar23
O governo da China criou uma legislação específica para combater a divulgação de informações falsas por meio da internet, principalmente nas redes sociais. A nova regulamentação, denominada "Disposições sobre a Administração de Síntese Profunda de Serviços de Informações Baseados na Internet", pretende evitar a disseminação da informação falsa criada por inteligência artificial, a deepfake, em vídeos e imagens.
natanaelginting/freepik
A deepfake permite que uma foto ou um vídeo de uma pessoa seja substituído pela imagem de outra pessoa, além de alterar a voz, trocar o texto falado e dar novo sentido ao contexto do vídeo, que pode ser interpretado como real — situação muito utilizada no Brasil, principalmente durante a campanha eleitoral do ano passado.
Para diferenciar as informações reais das falsas, os vídeos criados ou editados a partir de IA na China devem exibir pequenas etiquetas por marca d'água dispostas num dos cantos da imagem. Esse rótulo deve alertar que a produção utilizou o sistema artificial.
https://www.conjur.com.br/2023-abr-08/china-cria-lei-informacoes-falsas-meio-deepfakes
mar23
A bill looking to provide relief for politicians that are subject to deepfake photos and/or videos during a campaign is progressing through the House committee.
A “deepfake” is when a video, audio, or photo is digitally altered to seem like the real thing.
Substitute of SB 5152 is proposing to define synthetic media in campaigns for elective office, and provide relief for candidates and campaigns.
https://kpq.com/new-state-bill-looking-to-address-deepfake-election-photos-and-videos/
fev23
Minnesota legislators want to crack down on 'deep fake' disinformation
The proposal represents a first attempt from Minnesota lawmakers to clamp down on the spread of disinformation through the technology, particularly when it comes to influencing elections or in situations where it's used to distribute fake sexual images of someone without the person's consent.
It's already a crime in Minnesota to publish, sell or disseminate private explicit images and videos without the person's permission. But that revenge porn law was written before much was known about deep fake technology, which has already been used in Minnesota to disseminate realistic — but not real — sexual images of of people.
Stephenson's bill would make it a gross misdemeanor to knowingly disseminate sexually explicit content using deep fake technology that clearly identifies a person without permission.
https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-legislators-want-to-crack-down-on-deep-fake-disinformation/600252705/
https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/minnesota/deepfake-porn-election-misinfo-would-be-crime-under-minnesota-bill
jan23
Existing and proposed laws will fail to protect EU citizens from nonconsensual pornographic deepfakes—AI-generated images, audio, or videos that use an individual’s likeness to create pornographic material without the individual’s consent. Policymakers should amend current legislative proposals to better protect victims and, in the meantime, encourage soft law approaches.
Although deepfakes can have legitimate commercial uses (for instance, in film or gaming), 96 percent of deepfake videos found online are nonconsensual pornography. Perpetrators superimpose the likeness of an individual—most often an actor or musician, and almost always a woman—onto sexual material without permission. Sometimes perpetrators share these deepfakes for purely lewd purposes, while other times it is to harass, extort, offend, defame, or embarrass individuals. With the increasing availability of AI tools, it has become easier to create and distribute deepfake nonconsensual pornography.
There are no specific laws protecting victims of nonconsensual deepfake pornography, and new proposals will fall short.
https://datainnovation.org/2023/01/eu-proposals-will-fail-to-curb-nonconsensual-deepfake-porn/
jan23
China’s cyberspace regulator is cracking down on deepfakes.
Starting tomorrow (Jan. 10), deep synthesis providers–content providers that alter text, audio, images, and video—in China will have to abide by a new set of rules, according to the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC).
“In recent years, deep synthesis technology has developed rapidly. While serving user needs and improving user experience, it has also been used by some unscrupulous people to produce, copy, publish, and disseminate illegal and harmful information, to slander and belittle others’ reputation and honor, and to counterfeit others’ identities,” the CAC said.
https://qz.com/china-new-rules-deepfakes-consent-disclosure-1849964709
Six years ago, memes comparing Xi Jinping to Winnie the Pooh spread like wildfire across China’s internet before being snuffed out by the country’s censors. Creating and disseminating more sophisticated digital imagery of the honey-loving bear could now earn you a prison term in the country, as a new deepfakes law called the ‘Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet Information Services’ comes into effect this week. As nations around the world mull over regulations to target one of the most disruptive media technologies in recent years, Beijing is preparing to wage a new war on any online content it considers to be a threat to its stability and legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese people.
China is not the only nation to consider new regulations on deepfakes. Both the UK and Taiwanese governments have announced their intention to ban the creation and sharing of deepfake pornographic videos without consent, with similar legislation being proposed in the US at the federal level (several states have already passed such laws.) The latest regulations in China, however, extend to any deepfake content, imposing new rules on its creation, dissemination and labelling – in effect, going much further in scope and detail than most other existing national legislation concerning synthetic audio and video.
https://techmonitor.ai/technology/emerging-technology/china-is-about-to-pass-the-worlds-most-comprehensive-law-on-deepfakesROCHESTER, N.Y. (WROC) — Congressman Morelle announced legislation on Tuesday to boost online privacy by banning non-consensual “deepfakes” of intimate images.
A deepfake is a term referring to an altered picture or video of a person so they appear to look like somebody else. According to a 2019 report, 96% of online deepfake videos were pornographic and targeted toward women.
Morelle said that, while the videos are fake, the impact is real — which is why he authored the “Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act.”
“As technology and artificial intelligence continue to evolve, it’s critical that we take proactive steps to combat disinformation and protect individuals from harm or compromising situations online,” Morelle said. “The spread of altered images can cause irrevocable emotional, financial, and reputational harm — and unfortunately, women are disproportionately impacted.”
The mission of the act is to make the sharing of such deepfakes a criminal offense, ensure that one’s consent doesn’t establish consent for sharing the image, create a right of private action for victims, and preserve a plaintiff’s anonymity.
SAG-AFTRA president Fran Drescher is an advocate of protections for vulnerable groups. She said she has been a victim of inappropriate deepfakes and praised Morelle’s legislation.
LINK + https://morelle.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-joe-morelle-authors-legislation-bolster-right-online-privacy
Taiwan has drafted amendments to election laws to punish the dissemination of "deepfake" videos, or realistic images made with artificial intelligence. The revisions also aim to prevent interference in Taiwan's elections by outside parties.
Taiwan's Cabinet approved the draft revisions on Thursday.
The proposed amendments would enable election candidates to ask website operators and others to limit access to or remove deepfake videos if police certify the contents are fake.
China's new rules for content providers that alter facial and voice data will take effect from Jan. 10, its cyberspace regulator said, as it looks to more tightly scrutinize so-called "deepfake" technology and services.
A left-wing advocacy group used a Mark Zuckerberg deepfake to urge lawmakers to pass a tech regulation bill before the end of the year.
Demand Progress Action, which describes its mission as protecting the "democratic character of the internet," used deepfake technology to have an actor appear and talk exactly like the Meta CEO. In the video, the fake Zuckerberg ironically "thanks" Democratic leaders Chuck Schumer and Nancy Pelosi for “holding up new laws that hold us accountable” while showing links of the two to tech companies being targeted by the bill. The video clarifies that the Zuckerberg speaking is fake from the outset and shows the actor side by side with the impostor at the end.
The UK government says it plans to make the sharing of non-consensual pornographic deepfakes illegal, with offenders facing “potential time behind bars.”
The new offense is set to be added to the long-awaited and controversial Online Safety Bill, a mammoth piece of legislation that will rewrite the UK’s rules for policing harmful internet content. The government announced this morning that deepfakes would be covered in the legislation along with strengthened laws against “downblousing” (taking explicit images down a women’s top without consent). The passage of the bill was delayed this year by recent political chaos, but the UK government now plans to return it to parliament in December for further debate.
https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/25/23477548/uk-deepfake-porn-illegal-offence-online-safety-bill-proposal
jul22
China is pushing ahead of the European Union and the United States with its new synthetic content regulations. New draft provisions would place more responsibility on platforms to preserve social stability, with potential costs for online freedoms. They show that the Chinese Communist Party is prepared to protect itself against the unique threats of emerging technologies.
nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00513-4
jul22
REINO UNIDO
A broad new offence of intimate image abuse should be introduced in England and Wales to criminalise acts such as “downblousing” and the creation of “deepfakes”, the Law Commission of England and Wales has proposed.
The law reform body has called for a clearer legal framework broadening the scope of intimate image offences so all instances of intentionally taking or sharing intimate images without consent are criminalised, regardless of motivation.
Under current law, acts such as “upskirting” or voyeurism are criminalised, but this would be extended further to cover the abusive act of downblousing, as well as the sharing of altered intimate images of people without their consent, including pornographic deepfakes and “nudified” images.
The changes would bring England and Wales in line with Northern Ireland, which created a specific offence of downblousing as part of wider sexual offence reforms earlier this year, and Scotland, where it has been criminalised as a form of voyeurism since 2009.
+ https://www.dazeddigital.com/science-tech/article/56506/1/deepfake-porn-could-soon-be-illegal-revenge + https://uk.news.yahoo.com/deepfake-proposal-criminalise-fake-pornographic-102256131.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAE4xP9kO2tigeGtjBkv14JWX_w8I-KMzGpdUd4vlBy_9tTLrRrWzqYOUUsMWYjYGVfqSByoBV9J4aNOP2ZLxwQglNVW1kVlIgni-TQMHUgMi6DUKm0XSaZg4VM3xUnwFHCA2MrW2fB1wrWBrnfIn7kv0HfB47uL1CdUv5AU35JUg
jun22
Disinformation, including “deepfake” videos and bots spreading deception, should come within the scope of a future online harms bill, say a panel of experts appointed by Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez to help him shape a future law.
Members of the expert panel, including Bernie Farber of the Canada Anti-Hate Network and Lianna McDonald of the Canadian Centre for Child Protection, have advised that the act impose a duty on tech giants to tackle the spread of fake news and videos.
Some suggested Canada should mirror the European Union's Digital Services Act which allows for stronger action to tackle disinformation in times of crisis — for example during elections, international conflicts and public-health emergencies.
https://ca.news.yahoo.com/deepfakes-disinformation-fall-under-online-110000687.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAEaCsio_o4OeizYVVbypc_uE48cwuP33Qu4uNRM1d-9kHFh_53mu5rTyPconVxay09vwDZyWtFI3Izs8Muwp0Omhdr-xA0Lttuz7JBujcqzT4Zg-27wmPj27_Y5bAtDxYYo872PwmF1dbMc9S9FXNb8zFalvigNFfkOGkptwnR6K
Jun22
Alphabet Inc unit Google (GOOGL.O), Facebook Inc, Twitter Inc(TWTR.N) and other tech companies will have to take measures to counter deepfakes and fake accounts on their platforms or risk hefty fines under an updated European Union code of practice, according to an EU document seen by Reuters.
https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-facebook-twitter-will-have-tackle-deepfakes-or-risk-eu-fines-sources-2022-06-13/
Google, Facebook, Twitter e outras companhias de mídia social terão que tomar medidas para combaterem “deepfakes” e contas falsas em suas plataformas sob risco de serem penalizadas com multas pesadas pela União Europeia, afirmaram fontes nesta segunda-feira (13).
A Comissão Europeia vai publicar uma atualização do código de conduta sobre desinformação na quinta-feira como parte de uma campanha de combate à publicação de mentiras em redes sociais, afirmaram as fontes.
Introduzido em 2018, o código é de execução voluntária e será parte de um esquema de co-regulação, com responsabilidades compartilhadas entre autoridades e seus signatários.
https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/business/big-techs-terao-que-lidar-com-deepfakes-ou-se-arriscarem-a-multas-da-ue/
mai22
ÃUSTRIAThe Austrian Government has published a new action plan to reduce disinformation and hate speech via the regulation of deepfakes, Euractiv reports.
The new legislation builds on a 2020 investigation by an inter-ministerial task force composed of the Austrian federal chancellery, the ministry of justice, the ministry of defense, and the ministry of foreign affairs.
On that occasion, the group has worked to raise awareness on the topic, both at a governmental level and in regard to the Austrian population.
https://www.biometricupdate.com/202205/austria-deploys-new-plan-to-tackle-deepfakes
mar22
BRASIL
Juliano Maranhão, professor of Philosophy and General Theory of Law at the Faculty of Law (FD) at USP, explains that “the issue of deepfakes affects different areas of law. In the criminal field, the main problem refers to the creation of pornographic deepfakes , often used for revenge porn purposes ”.
Criminal and Civil Code
The professor points out that, in 2018, Article 218-C was created in the Penal Code , which criminalizes the creation of montages in photographs, videos and even audio, such as deepfakes . The crime is liable to imprisonment from six months to one year, in addition to the payment of a fine to the victim.
https://indiaeducationdiary.in/university-of-sao-paulo-voters-need-to-be-aware-of-fake-content-spread-as-deepfakes/
mar22
HOLANDA
On 5 January 2022, the Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (Research and Documentation Centre), of the Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security (WODC), published an important report on the legal challenges of deepfake technology. The report was sent to Parliament on 17 January 2022, along with a letter, from the Minister for Legal Protection (male), stating that the Cabinet had commissioned the research because of concerns about the rapid development and spread of deepfake technology. The study, carried out by researchers from Tilburg University, aims to inform the Government about the risks of deepfakes, the applicable legal framework, and the measures available to mitigate the risks. (...) The report concludes that most problematic deepfake applications are already prohibited or restricted by law. Dutch criminal law seems generally well equipped to address specific deepfakes used for identity theft, fraud, and the distribution of non-consensual pornography. Additionally, the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the European Convention on Human Rights provide general rules on data processing and respect for private life that may restrict the production and distribution of certain deepfakes, for example, those that include sensitive personal data or unjustifiably violate someone’s reputation and/or honour.
https://merlin.obs.coe.int/article/9415
mar22
TAIWAN
Taipei, March 10 (CNA) The Cabinet on Thursday approved draft amendments to four key laws to curb the use of technology-enabled sexual images and video which would make the production and spread of fake or manipulated images and video for profit a crime punishable by a jail term of up to seven years.The draft amendments include an additional article dedicated to a new form of crime using artificial intelligence -- deepfakes -- which involve inserting the likeness of a person into an existing image or video. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202203110001
The Executive Yuan on Thursday approved draft amendments to curb the creation of “deepfake” pornography, and make the production and distribution of fake or manipulated images and video for profit a crime punishable by up to seven years in jail. The proposals include an article directly addressing the practice of using machine learning or other means to insert the likeness of a person into existing videos or images. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/03/13/2003774693
JAN22
Washington
The Senate State Government and Elections Committee heard public testimony on Senate Bill 5817, which would restrict usage of synthetic media “deep fakes” in campaigns for elective office.
SB 5817 – 2021-22
Status: Public hearing in the Senate Committee on State Government & Elections held January 26th.
Brief Summary of Bill
Full Senate Bill Report
https://auburnexaminer.com/state-senate-bill-would-restrict-deep-fake-media-in-political-advertising/
jan22
China's cyberspace regulator issued draft rules on Friday (Jan 28) for content providers that alter facial and voice data, the latest measure to crack down on "deepfakes" and mould a cyberspace that promotes Chinese socialist values.
The rules are aimed at further regulating technologies such as those using algorithms to generate and modify text, audio, images and videos, according to documents published on the website of the Cyberspace Administration of China.
A state lawmaker victimized in a hacking and extortion plot is pushing for tougher laws and penalties for so-called revenge porn crimes. Sen. Lauren Book (D-Broward) says nude photos of her were stolen, altered to create images and videos called deep fakes, and then sold online. She wants those actions to be felonies. "My life of public service has resulted in private terror," Book said during a committee hearing in Tallahassee Tuesday. Book was candid as she recounted the moment she learned nude photos of herself, including one photo of a post-surgery scar after a lumpectomy, were stolen and being sold online. It's why Sen. Book is sponsoring SB 1798. If passed, it would make buying, selling, or trading stolen sexually explicit images taken from someone's device a felony. It would also make it a felony to disseminate altered or created sexually explicit images known as deep fakes. Tuesday, the bill was passed unanimously by the Senate Committee on Criminal Justice. "The reality is, I'm not alone. This is happening to people across the state of Florida and all over the world, every single day," Book said. https://www.fox13news.com/news/sexually-explicit-deep-fakes-revenge-porn-could-become-felonies-in-florida
A House panel OK’d a bill Thursday that would modernize cybersex crime laws and criminalize the theft of sexually explicit pictures.
The House Criminal Justice and Public Safety Committee advanced the measure (HB 1453) unanimously without questions or debate. Williston Republican Rep. Joe Harding is the bill sponsor.
“This bill is going to create tougher penalties and ensure that in Florida, we’re not going to tolerate those activities,” Harding told committee members.
The bill contains several provisions. It would:
— Prohibit someone from spreading “deepfake” sexually explicit images — or altered sexual image and videos — without a person’s consent, making it a third-degree felony.
https://floridapolitics.com/archives/493044-cyber-terror-bill-clears-first-house-committee/
Hallandale Beach City Commissioner Sabrina Javellana got up the courage to speak before a Senate committee Tuesday about her experience as a victim of a deep fake — images taken from her personal, social media account were doctored to appear as pornographic images and posted on an anonymous website. She urged the committee to pass the bill to impose penalties on the activity as a cyber crime and she said she was prepared for questions, but she was not prepared for the reaction she got from Sen. Ileana Garcia, a Miami Republican who has recently deleted her social media accounts. Read more at: https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article258181438.html#storylink=cpy
Mar22
A bill that would beef up Florida’s criminal penalties for stealing an individual’s sexually explicit pictures and other sexual image-related crimes has been approved by Florida lawmakers.
SB 1798, which passed the Senate unanimously last week, passed the House 117-0 Tuesday. The legislation is sponsored by Democratic Sen. Lauren Book and Republican Rep. Joe Harding.
The legislation received no opposition at any stage, clearing all of its committee stops without a single dissenting vote. https://floridapolitics.com/archives/505471-cyber-terror-deepfake-bill-close-to-legislature-approval/
Push for legislation to punish deepfake porn creators, distributors in Taiwan and UK
An Australian woman who's life was "shattered" by deepfake porn says proposed law changes to address the attacks in New Zealand will help empower fellow victims. Labour MP Louisa Wall is fighting to ensure victims of the attacks have the same recourse under the Harmful Digital Communications Act as other survivors of online abuse. (...) Noelle Martin, 27, was only a teen when her world was "shattered" after she discovered her image had been used in deepfake porn without her consent. Wall said there's no criminal pathway under the Harmful Digital Communications Act for victims to hold those responsible to account. The MP said she found out about the issue after she had proposed an amendment to the law earlier this year which would explicitly make the posting of intimate images and recordings without consent illegal. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/calls-from-mps-and-survivor-for-protections-for-deepfake-porn-victims/SXIQAOQSEVEO4X6S2AKZEE242A/
TAIWAN: Cabinet to step up legislation on deepfake creators
The Executive Yuan is to speed up legislative work on proposed amendments to the Criminal Code targeting the creators of deepfake and “revenge” porn, Cabinet spokesman Lo Ping-cheng (羅秉成) said yesterday.
Lo’s remarks came a day after prosecutors questioned a New Taipei City man, Raphael Lin (林秉樞) — the former boyfriend of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) Legislator Kao Chia-yu (高嘉瑜) — over allegations of physical abuse and threats to distribute explicit photos or videos to intimidate women.
The Ministry of Justice last month submitted the proposed amendments to the Executive Yuan and officials are working toward presenting a bill to the legislature as soon as possible, Lo told a press conference after the weekly Cabinet meeting. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/12/03/2003768942
An MP has called for non-consensual deepfake porn and nudification images to be made sex crimes, warning they are rapidly on the rise. Maria Miller wants the government to ban the making and sharing of image-based “sexual abuse” under the online safety bill. She will bring an adjournment debate to the Commons on Thursday in which she will outline the “devastating” impact such images have on the victims. (...) The Tory MP said the creation of such images without consent was a “highly sexualised act” and they were difficult to remove from the internet. https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/ban-rape-deepfake-nudifying-tech_uk_61a79734e4b0f398af1aeeb1
It’s difficult to say if 2022 is the year Big Tech will finally be hit with significant new rules, but a series of regulatory and legal threats launched in 2021 will provoke major battles. In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission’s anti-trust lawsuit against Facebook represents a genuine threat to the social media giant, though a court has already dismissed the case once. More lawsuits and a federal investigation — and maybe even finally new laws — are possible in the wake of the damning whistleblower leaks showing Facebook executives knew its sites could cause harm. Some critics say the firm’s major push into realizing the metaverse — a virtual reality version of the internet — is an effort to change the subject after years of criticism. Apple dodged a bullet in 2021 when a US federal court said Fornite maker Epic Games failed to show the iPhone giant held an illegal monopoly, but the firm was still ordered to loosen control over its App Store. Both sides have appealed. New regulations may come sooner in the EU as it pushes through new laws, such as the Digital Services Act which would create much stricter oversight of harmful and illegal content on platforms like Facebook. https://www.macaubusiness.com/tech-2022-trends-meatless-meat-web-3-0-big-tech-battles/
===================aula de 1/12/21 [atenção esta aula não foi atualizada pelos dados mais recentes, por distração, o que significa que o documento proposto na aula não tem em conta os elementos mais recentes relativos aos ultimos meses. REVER!]================
GOVERNO MAS SEM LEIS
Germany’s federal government is expanding resources for a multi-year deepfake detection project that it is funding. Executives with BioID, a German biometric anti-spoofing vendor, say the firm has joined a consortium of organizations seeking effective methods of unmasking fraudulent, AI-based images, video and audio.
The company is joining several research organizations in the consortium, including the Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications’ Heinrich Hertz Institute, digital ID firm Bundesdruckerei and the Berlin Institute for Safety and Security Research. The project is funded by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). https://www.biometricupdate.com/202111/german-anti-deepfake-effort-takes-on-another-fighterTo protect those targeted by hostile deepfakes—again, for now, mostly women—legal scholars like Mary Anne Franks at the University of Miami are proposing laws to criminalize “digital forgeries,” or deepfakes that would appear authentic to a reasonable person. Non-malevolent uses, like satire or comedy, would remain legal, Franks says. Granted, she adds, such laws against forgeries are only “a blunt tool.” Indeed, the people who make pornographic deepfakes often aren’t trying to fool anyone. Many openly revel in the fact that they’re using a fake to humiliate a female celebrity. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/history-spirit-photography-future-deepfake-videos-180979010/
When Deep Fakes and Online Defamation Attack You and Your Practice
By Shannon Wilkinson
Attorneys are among those whose names, work and reputations may be attacked by deep fakes, online defamation and domain squatting. Attorneys are often the first people contacted by.
“Concerns about video-based political persuasion are prevalent in both popular and academic circles, predicated on the assumption that video is more compelling than text,” the researchers wrote in their paper. This is a point we’ve heard again and again from lawmakers over the years, ever since deepfakes first popped up on their radar in mid-2019. When Sens. Rob Portman (R-OH) and Gary Peters (D-MI) introduced the Deepfake Taskforce Act this past summer, Portman noted in a statement that deepfakes posed a “unique threat” to national security. “For most of human history seeing meant believing, but now that is becoming less and less true thanks to deepfakes,” Portman said at the time. “Combined with the network effects created by social media, fake videos or pictures can travel around the world in an instant, tricking citizens.” https://gizmodo.com/deepfakes-maybe-not-quite-the-political-apocalypse-we-f-1848090462
TAIWAN A draft amendment to the Criminal Code that would address crimes involving so-called "deepfakes" has been sent to the Cabinet for review ahead of being passed to the Legislature, the Ministry of Justice announced Wednesday. The legislative action comes in the wake of the arrest in October of a male Taiwanese Youtuber suspected of creating and selling pornographic videos that were digitally altered to include likenesses of 100 famous politicians. In a statement, the ministry said that discussions had been held from March onwards with legal scholars, judges, prosecutors and lawyers on the draft amendment, which would tackle offenses related to the dissemination of private videos that include sexual images. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202111170027
But deepfake tech should never be made illegal. There are too many benefits to the technology. Many existing laws should already cover the nefarious uses of deepfakes – laws against blackmail and extortion, for example. However, it would be worth amending laws covering revenge porn to make sharing non-consensual pornographic deepfakes of another person an offence. Doing so could be a powerful deterrent for the most widespread use of deepfakes now. The problem is, the malicious use-cases of deepfakes will only grow as the technology becomes more mainstream. Indeed it may not be too long before someone asks: “Care to explain that video of you that’s going around?” https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/10/30/deepfaked-committing-crime-should-worried/
Screen actors will now be protected in New York from their likeness being used without their permission. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo and the New York State legislature have approved and signed into law a bill that protects actors, living and deceased, from unwanted and unauthorized commercial exploitation of their likeness. The bill also bans “deepfake” pornographic videos, which superimpose the heads of actors into sexually explicit videos without their consent. https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/actors-unauthorized-actor-image-use-law-72205/
Yancho Yanchev, a data protection specialist and solicitor in the UK, says that deep fakes using real or faked images of others can fall under the scope of Global Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and similar rules across the globe. Yanchev says that this is especially true if those images are distributed for commercial or ideological purposes. "Consider unique nature of personal data such as voice image biometrics that are being processed by machine learning algorithms and the impact a deep fake may have on the real person if misused," said Yanchev. "Fake ID verification on primary IT services - phone, email, online rental, and money transfers - even if not strictly misused is challenging to justify under GDPR or CCPA without the approval of the subject of the deep fake." https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2021/09/21/the-rise-of-voice-cloning-and-deep-fakes-in-the-disinformation-wars/?sh=54ed126538e1
El Gobierno acaba de publicar una orden ministerial que regula la expedición de certificados electrónicos cualificados en remoto por videollamada, tales como el de firma electrónica necesario para hacer trámites con la Administración del Estado online. El texto legal, disponible en el Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE), especifica, entre otras cosas, las condiciones y requisitos técnicos para verificar la identidad a distancia y evitar intentos de suplantación usando tecnologías como las deepfakes. Entre las medidas técnicas incluidas para evitar la suplantación de identidad, el texto señala que la herramienta de identificación usada debe garantizar que el proceso se ejecuta en directo por parte del solicitante del certificado, y en una sola vez, de tal forma que se evite la edición de vídeo pregrabado. El archivo audiovisual sólo podrá ser grabado por parte de la empresa o Administración que expida el certificado con el fin de poder revisarlo más tarde. https://www.xataka.com/pro/gobierno-regula-expedicion-certificados-electronicos-cualificados-remoto-videollamada-asi-medidas-anti-deepfakes
CHINA Chinese regulators have recently held talks with the companies on potential problems involving “deepfakes” to ensure healthy cyberspace and protect personal information. “Misuse of deepfakes can have serious consequences,” said Zuo Xiaodong, vice president of the China Information Security Research Institute. Zuo said some people abroad have used face-swapping technology to fake images of artists, which has sparked heated debates concerning the technology. The regulatory reminder is to sound alarms on the potential hazards and require the firms to timely report clues that may involve crimes, Zuo said. https://www.macaubusiness.com/potential-risks-of-deepfake-tech-warned-by-regulators-experts/
The Rise of the “Deepfake” Demands Urgent Legal Reform in the UK
The phenomenon of ‘fake news’ and spread of misinformation is not a new one, but advancements in technology, in particular ‘deepfakes’, have highlighted the seriousness of the threat in a way that has not happened before. Deepfakes have evolved significantly in recent years and the tell-tale signs (odd hand or mouth movements or odd pronunciation for example) that once gave the technology away are becoming harder to detect. Further, deepfakes are now extremely easy to create. The time is now to introduce regulation in this area in order to prevent negative uses of the technology and create an environment where positive use cases emerge.
Deepfake porn is ruining women’s lives. Now the law may finally ban it
https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/02/12/1018222/deepfake-revenge-porn-coming-ban/
Bills target the use of ‘deep fakes’ in Hawaii.
New Jersey An Assembly panel advanced two bills that would require disclaimers on manipulated video and audio recordings and restrict their use against candidates within 60 days of an election on Monday.“Deepfake videos can be used to influence voters to believe in untruths without them even knowing the content was manipulated,” said Assemblyman Andrew Zwicker (D-South Brunswick), who sponsored one of the measures. “These deceptive machine-learning, computer-generated videos, images or audio have no place in our democracy and that is why we are requiring that their use be disclosed.” https://newjerseyglobe.com/legislature/assembly-panel-advances-deepfake-disclosure-bills/
Can deepfakes, as such, be prohibited under American law? Almost certainly not. In U.S. v. Alvarez, decided in 2012, a badly divided Supreme Court held that the First Amendment prohibits the government from regulating speech simply because it is a lie. The case concerned a man who falsely claimed that he was a recipient of the Medal of Honor. Lying about receiving that medal is a crime under the 2006 Stolen Valor Act, but the Supreme Court struck down the key provision of that law, ruling that the lie was protected by the First Amendment. The plurality opinion declared that “permitting the government to decree this speech to be a criminal offense…would endorse government authority to compile a list of subjects about which false statements are punishable. That governmental power has no clear limiting principle…. Were this law to be sustained, there could be an endless list of subjects the National Government or the States could single out.” Under existing law, a key question is whether deepfakes cause sufficient harm. If they are libelous, they could be regulated under current legal standards, which allow plaintiffs to recover damages when, for example, a speaker hurts their reputation by spreading what the speaker knows to be a lie. But deepfakes need not be libelous. They might be positive, making people look impressive or wonderful. A deepfake might be used, say, to advertise an energy pill by showing an 80-year-old man taking the pill and then dunking a basketball like LeBron James. And if a deepfake shows a politician doing something amazing or heroic, there’s no libel. Does the government have the right to ban these kinds of deepfakes? According to the plurality opinion in Alvarez, “The remedy for speech that is false is speech that is true. This is the ordinary course in a free society.” By this standard, the best response to many deepfakes is a smile and a laugh—or counter-speech and disclosure—rather than censorship. Social media platforms are not bound by the First Amendment, but in cases in which people could be misled, such platforms might want to label deepfakes as such, but not take them down, certainly as a matter of course. Twitter has voluntarily adopted an approach of this kind, potentially adding labels to manipulated media but taking down tweets that contain them only if they are “likely to cause harm.” https://www.wsj.com/articles/can-the-government-regulate-deepfakes-11610038590
Let’s look at Texas’s law, which makes it a Class A misdemeanor for a person to create and publish a “deep fake video” within 30 days of an election. The creator of the video must have the intent to “injure a candidate” or to “influence the result of an election.” Convictions are punishable by a fine or up to a year in prison. The law’s definition of “deep fake video” is not what you might think: it doesn’t require the video be made with artificial intelligence, machine-learning, or any other sophisticated technology. Instead, a “deep fake video” is any “video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality.” Like many legislative attempts to prohibit political ‘deepfakes,’ Texas’s law is hopelessly overbroad. Beyond that, the law risks criminalizing political videos that rely on common filmmaking techniques. Texas’s law gives prosecutors a broad power to censor political speech those prosecutors disagree with. And the power to enforce this type of law will inevitably be used against those without power, regardless of their political affiliation. In fact, the sitting mayor of Houston already called for prosecutors to investigate a political opponent for violating the law. That’s a power we can’t entrust to any government—whether it’s prosecutors in Texas or California, New York or Florida. LINK + VIDEO
SAG-AFTRA has commended New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo and the New York Legislature for signing a law protecting members from “deep fake” sexually explicit material and prohibiting the exploitation of one’s name, image and voice after they pass away. The performers union said Monday that the law protects the images and voices of SAG-AFTRA members and their families, in life and now postmortem, from unwanted and unauthorized commercial exploitation. It also strictly prohibits the publication and dissemination of digitally created, non-consensual, sexually explicit material. https://variety.com/2020/film/news/sag-aftra-commends-andrew-cuomo-deep-fake-videos-1234842715/
EU law enforcement authorities should make ‘significant investments’ into developing new screening technologies that could help to detect the malicious use of deepfakes, a new report from the bloc’s police agency Europol recommends.
iThe purpose of politically-motivated deepfake videos is to stoke social unrest and political polarisation between online users, by way of delivering falsified messages from well-known leaders. Europol expects the means of those producing to become more technologically advanced in the future.
“The individuals and groups behind the abuse of deepfakes are expected to adapt their modus operandi with the aim of evading detection and training their models to follow counter-detection measures,” states Europol’s report, published on Thursday (19 November).
“Deepfakes can, in this regard, become a significant challenge to the current forensic audio-visual analysis and authentication techniques employed by industries, competent authorities, media professionals, and civil society,” the document, which examines the threat landscape for artificial intelligence technologies, adds.
https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/eu-police-recommend-new-online-screening-tech-to-catch-deepfakes/
The report, titled Malicious Uses and Abuses of Artificial Intelligence, stated that phishing and deepfakes had become two major concerns. The report, which was published with the help of Trend Micro, said that by utilizing deepfakes, hackers can tailor a phishing attack. Emulating the voice of a trusted figure, hackers can fool people into giving up sensitive information such as passwords, account numbers or PINs. https://www.ibtimes.sg/dan-browns-digital-fortress-scenario-looms-large-ai-powered-cyberattacks-un-report-53536
US legislation mandating government research into deepfakes took a step closer to becoming law this week after it passed the Senate by unanimous consent. Sponsored by Democrat senator for Nevada, Catherine Cortez Masto, the Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks (IOGAN) Act recognizes the need for such research as nation states and cyber-criminals hone their tools. “This bill directs the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to support research on generative adversarial networks. A generative adversarial network is a software system designed to be trained with authentic inputs (e.g. photographs) to generate similar, but artificial, outputs (e.g. deepfakes),” noted a summary of the bill.
https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/us-senate-approves-new-deepfake/
NOv20
Convincing audio deepfakes have arrived in 2020 – but they’re falling into legal grey territory. Specifically, she cites a case from 1988 when the Ford Motor Company created an advertisement mimicking Bette Midler’s voice. The ad employed a former backup singer for Midler to re-create the iconic diva’s warble. “Copyright has been administered federally for a very long time; some states just disagree foundationally on why we have right of publicity,” Levendowski says. Right of publicity laws aren’t federal; they’re established state by state. Tennessee has a very favorable approach to right of publicity laws for artists due to Nashville’s thriving music industry. Midler sued over the ad, and the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals found that Midler’s voice was a protected property right. In that decision, Judge John T. Noonan writes that the First Amendment protects the recreation of a person’s voice. However, if that recreation is used to exploit another person’s identity, then it is not protected. “Copyright has been administered federally for a very long time; some states just disagree foundationally on why we have right of publicity,” Levendowski says. Right of publicity laws aren’t federal; they’re established state by state. Tennessee has a very favorable approach to right of publicity laws for artists due to Nashville’s thriving music industry. https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2020/11/12/audio-deepfakes-legality/
In 2019, California and Texas both passed legislation prohibiting the use of deepfakes in elections. Texas passed the first law criminalizing deepfakes in September with Senate Bill 751. The legislation bans publishing and distributing deepfake videos “with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election,” within 30 days of an election. California’s A.B. 730, signed into law by Governor Newsom on October 3, provides civil remedies and prohibits the creation and distribution of “materially deceptive” audio or visual media of a candidate within 60 days of an election. (---) While the laws in Texas and California have been lauded as important efforts in addressing the proliferation of fake and manipulated news in U.S. elections, some legal experts have questioned the enforceability of the laws, arguing that efforts to ban deepfakes cross into protected First Amendment territory. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/protecting-elections-regulating-39567/ + https://www.internetandtechnologylaw.com/elections-deepfakes-politics-regulation/
The report on ‘virtual justice’ by New York-based privacy group Surveillance Technology Oversight Project (STOP) noted that parties to online court proceedings may be asked to verify their identity by providing sensitive personal information, biometric data, or facial scans – in the state of Oregon, judges sign into their virtual court systems using facial recognition. It said: “Distrust around digital records has persisted with the advent and ease of photoshopping. Altered evidence can still be introduced if the authenticating party is itself fooled or is lyin. Video manipulation software, including ‘deepfake’ technology, poses problems for remote courts in verifying evidence and that litigants or witnesses are who they say they are, a report has warned. https://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/deepfake-warning-over-online-courts
Sens. Rob Portman, R-Ohio and Brian Schatz, D-Hawaii proposed adding the Deepfake Report Act—originally unveiled one year ago—to the annual authorization bill Thursday. The Deepfake Report Act, which passed the Senate in October and was referred to the House Consumer Protection and Commerce Subcommittee, would mandate the Homeland Security Department to investigate the potential impacts of deepfakes and other, related technologically altered content on national and election security. https://www.nextgov.com/emerging-tech/2020/06/senators-introduce-deepfake-focused-amendment-defense-authorization-act/166528/ SAG-AFTRA said today that it expects New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo to sign a bill updating the right of publicity and prohibiting the distribution of digitally created, sexually explicit performances – known as “deepfakes” – without the consent of the performer. The bill was passed unanimously – 60-0 – in the New York Senate and by a vote of 140-1 in the Assembly earlier this month. The union, which has been the moving force behind the bill, called it “a milestone” in its efforts to protect performers against digital image and voice exploitation. https://deadline.com/2020/07/deepfakes-sag-aftra-expects-andrew-cuomo-to-sign-law-banning-face-swapping-porn-1202997577/
In their article "The Federal Deepfakes Law" for the Journal of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Law, Matthew Ferraro, Jason Chipman and Stephen Preston discuss the nation’s first federal law related to deepfakes, signed in December 2019. The law (1) requires a comprehensive report on the foreign weaponization of deepfakes; (2) requires the government to notify Congress of foreign deepfake-disinformation activities targeting US elections; and (3) establishes a “Deepfakes Prize” competition to encourage the research or commercialization of deepfake-detection technologies. These are important policy innovations, especially around the 2020 election, artificial intelligence and fake news. https://www.wilmerhale.com/en/insights/publications/20200701-the-federal-deepfakes-law
"“He would like to emphasize that all of the videos on this channel were intended as entertainment, and there was no malicious purpose for any of them.” https://lawstreetmedia.com/tech/copyright-claims-against-deepfaked-audio-raises-legal-questions/
Could audio deepfakes of rappers or singers violate laws other than copyright? It depends. Some states have a right of publicity, which allows an individual to control the commercial use of their name and likeness. In California, the entertainment industry has been lobbying for updating publicity-rights rules to address deepfakes. A handful of states have recently enacted laws against deepfakes used for non-consensual porn or to interfere with an election. https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/what-does-jay-zs-fight-over-audio-deepfakes-mean-for-the-future-of-ai-music/
+ Try telling that to Jay-Z, though. Vocal Synthesis says Jay's company, Roc Nation, filed a takedown request to withdraw the videos from YouTube for copyright infringement. Roc Nation's parent company, Live Nation, didn't respond to our request for comment. YouTube removed the videos for a hot second but then reposted them, which begs the question... https://www.delawarepublic.org/post/latest-deepfake-controversy-raises-legal-and-ethical-questions-music-industry
Abr20
MAR20 Congressional fever to legislate regarding deepfakes can be “tempered” by recognizing that there are laws that already protect users from a lot of the harms that are inflicted by deepfakes, said Sheffner.
CALIFORNIA:
NOVO 30/10/2019 Virginia has banned the use of deepfake technology to make non-consensual pornography, the dominant use-case. (LINK)
USA: On December 20, 2019, President Trump signed the nation's first federal law related to "deepfakes." Deepfakes are false yet highly realistic artificial intelligence-created media, such as a video showing people saying things they never said and doing things they never did. The deepfake legislation is part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (NDAA), the $738 billion defense policy bill, that the President signed into law on Friday, after it was passed by the Senate 86-8 and the House 377-48.1 LINK
JAN20: Democratic State Senator Rebecca Millett has proposed a bill that would outlaw “deep fake” ads within 60 days of an election. These include ads in which a video might be altered to show a candidate saying they support some policy, when they actually oppose it.“As the campaign cycle continues to ramp up, as we approach November, security in our election will remain a top issue,” says Millett. “This bill will take a proactive approach in addressing the use of deep fake technology to affect an election.” LINK
The state of Texas prohibited deepfakes in 2019 with the passage of SB 751, making it a criminal offense to fabricate a deceptive video with the intent to influence the outcome of an election. By the time this year’s session gaveled to order, Illinois, New Jersey, and Hawaii introduced their own legislation to make visual misinformation illegal. A pair of bills in Illinois, SB3171 and HB532, went after still photography and AI-assisted deepfake videos that “appear to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality,” making them illegal under the state’s election code. Meanwhile, the Hawaii Legislature is considering a bill, HB2572, which “prohibits creating, disclosing or threatening to disclose deep fake videos of persons in the nude or engaging in sexual activity.” https://www.governing.com/now/Legislative-Watch-Paper-Files-Bots-and-Deepfakes.html
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